-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathindex55d4.html
479 lines (442 loc) · 41.5 KB
/
index55d4.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml">
<!-- This is an archived copy of climate.earthjournalism.net/?p=367 generated by Internews' Global Technology Hub on Tue, 30 Jun 2020 18:37:57 GMT -->
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Conflict and climate dry out Jordan Valley | A More Vulnerable WorldA More Vulnerable World</title>
<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/style.css" />
<link rel="pingback" href="xmlrpc.html" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="wp-content/themes/jeo/img/favicon.html" type="image/x-icon" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<!-- SEO elements -->
<meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/index.html" />
<script type='application/ld+json' class='yoast-schema-graph yoast-schema-graph--main'>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/#website","url":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/","name":"A More Vulnerable World","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/#primaryimage","url":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6.jpg","width":720,"height":480},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/#webpage","url":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/","inLanguage":"en-US","name":"Conflict and climate dry out Jordan Valley | A More Vulnerable World","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2015-12-02T10:53:25+00:00","dateModified":"2019-01-10T15:37:02+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/#/schema/person/afbc1e4ef9015c60a4385c645cc57212"}},{"@type":["Person"],"@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/#/schema/person/afbc1e4ef9015c60a4385c645cc57212","name":"Abeer Ismail","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://climate.earthjournalism.net/#authorlogo","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6f9f1b3ebf3c942c1c129d77c0dac23?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Abeer Ismail"},"sameAs":[]}]}</script>
<!-- / SEO elements. -->
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='https://ajax.googleapis.com/' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='http://code.jquery.com/' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='http://s.w.org/' />
<meta property="og:title" content="Conflict and climate dry out Jordan Valley"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="A More Vulnerable World"/><meta property="og:description" content="The Jordan Valley, which encompasses modern day Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, has long been considered the region’s food basket. But the once cascading waters of the Jordan River – the lifeblood of its fertile grounds – have been reduced in many places to a mere trickle, victim of transboundary squabbling over water rights […]"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Conflict and climate dry out Jordan Valley" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="The Jordan Valley, which encompasses modern day Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, has long been considered the region’s food basket. But the once cascading waters of the Jordan River – the lifeblood of its fertile grounds – have been reduced in many places to a mere trickle, victim of transboundary squabbling over water rights […]" />
<script type="text/javascript">
window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/climate.earthjournalism.net\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.2.7"}};
!function(a,b,c){function d(a,b){var c=String.fromCharCode;l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,a),0,0);var d=k.toDataURL();l.clearRect(0,0,k.width,k.height),l.fillText(c.apply(this,b),0,0);var e=k.toDataURL();return d===e}function e(a){var b;if(!l||!l.fillText)return!1;switch(l.textBaseline="top",l.font="600 32px Arial",a){case"flag":return!(b=d([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819]))&&(b=d([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]),!b);case"emoji":return b=d([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340]),!b}return!1}function f(a){var c=b.createElement("script");c.src=a,c.defer=c.type="text/javascript",b.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(c)}var g,h,i,j,k=b.createElement("canvas"),l=k.getContext&&k.getContext("2d");for(j=Array("flag","emoji"),c.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},i=0;i<j.length;i++)c.supports[j[i]]=e(j[i]),c.supports.everything=c.supports.everything&&c.supports[j[i]],"flag"!==j[i]&&(c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&c.supports[j[i]]);c.supports.everythingExceptFlag=c.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!c.supports.flag,c.DOMReady=!1,c.readyCallback=function(){c.DOMReady=!0},c.supports.everything||(h=function(){c.readyCallback()},b.addEventListener?(b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",h,!1),a.addEventListener("load",h,!1)):(a.attachEvent("onload",h),b.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===b.readyState&&c.readyCallback()})),g=c.source||{},g.concatemoji?f(g.concatemoji):g.wpemoji&&g.twemoji&&(f(g.twemoji),f(g.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings);
</script>
<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 .07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='newsroom-normalize-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/css/normalize6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='newsroom-entypo-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/css/entypo6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='newsroom-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C300%2C400italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C300italic%2C200%7CCrimson+Text%3A400%2C600%2C700&ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='newsroom-styles-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/css/main6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='photoswipe-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/photoswipe/photoswipe6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='photoswipe-skin-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/photoswipe/default-skin/default-skin6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='chosen-css' href='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/chosen/chosen.min6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-smoothness-css' href='http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='cartodb-css' href='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/cartodbdf73.css?ver=3.15.10' type='text/css' media='all' />
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='leaflet-ie-css' href='https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/leaflet/leaflet.ie.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<![endif]-->
<link rel='stylesheet' id='mapbox-js-css' href='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/mapbox/mapbox.standalone6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='jeo-css' href='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/css/jeo2fb2.css?ver=0.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery4a5f.js?ver=1.12.4-wp'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min330a.js?ver=1.4.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/jquery.fitvids4963.js?ver=1.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/js/main622c.js?ver=0.0.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/photoswipe/photoswipe.min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/photoswipe/photoswipe-ui-default.min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/JEO-Newsroom/lib/chosen/chosen.jquery.min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/cartodbdf73.js?ver=3.15.10'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/mapbox/mapbox.standalone77e6.js?ver=2.2.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/underscore.min4511.js?ver=1.8.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jeo_localization = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/climate.earthjournalism.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ssl":"1","more_label":"More"};
var jeo_settings = {"mapbox_access_token":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/jeoa79f.js?ver=0.4.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jeo_groups = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/climate.earthjournalism.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","more_label":"More"};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/groups4392.js?ver=0.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jeo_labels = {"search_placeholder":"Find a location","results_title":"Results","clear_search":"Close search","not_found":"Nothing found, try something else."};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/geocodef8ab.js?ver=0.0.5'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/fullscreenbd4f.js?ver=0.0.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/filter-layers6275.js?ver=0.1.3'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/ui1b65.js?ver=0.0.9'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/hashc5da.js?ver=0.1.0'></script>
<link rel='https://api.w.org/' href='wp-json/index.html' />
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="xmlrpc0db0.html?rsd" />
<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.2.7" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='index55d4.html?p=367' />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="wp-json/oembed/1.0/embedd037.json?url=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.earthjournalism.net%2F2015%2F12%2F02%2Fconflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed3426?url=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.earthjournalism.net%2F2015%2F12%2F02%2Fconflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley%2F&format=xml" />
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-70722913-5', 'auto');
ga('require', 'linkid');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<link rel="icon" href="wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-EJN-Tree-01-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-EJN-Tree-01-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-EJN-Tree-01-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/cropped-EJN-Tree-01-270x270.png" />
<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
/* type */
h1 {
color: #0FA4D4;
font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: light;
font-weight: 200;
letter-spacing: -.02em;
font-size: 6.75rem;
}
#primary h1 {
font-size: 4rem;
font-weight: bold;
font-weight: 400;
}
h2 {
font-size: 2.5rem;
margin-top: .5em;
font-weight: normal;
color: #33A19C;
}
h3 {
font-size: 2rem;
line-height: 1.25em;
font-weight: normal;
color: #666;
}
.siteorigin-panels .entry-content .widget-title {
font-weight: bold;
}
.newsroom-section-title h2 {
font-size: 2rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
/* navbar */
#masthead #mastnav ul.menu li a {
color: #33A19C;
}
/* header */
#masthead .site-meta {
width: 100%;
margin: 3em 0 1em;
}
/* hide the text nameplate */
#alt-nameplate {
border: 0;
clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
height: 1px;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 0;
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
}
/* colophon */
#colophon {
background-color: #0FA4D4;
}
#colophon #footer-nav ul li a {
background-color: #5BD7E5;
color: #0FA4D4;
}
/* story details */
#primary .post-meta .byline p {
color: #33A19C;
}
#primary .post-meta .terms .tax-item p {
color: #33A19C;
}
#primary .post-meta .terms .tax-item ul li a {
background: #33A19C;
color: #fff;
}
#primary .post-meta .terms {
border-top: 2px solid #33A19C;
}
#primary .post-meta {
border-bottom: 1px solid #33A19C;
}
/* button */
.button, input[type="submit"], button, a.button {
background-color: #0FA4D4;
color: #fff;
} </style>
</head>
<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-367 single-format-standard en-US">
<header id="masthead">
<div>
<div class="site-meta">
<h1> <a href="index.html" title="A More Vulnerable World">
A More Vulnerable World </a>
</h1> </div>
<div class="top-nav">
<nav id="langnav">
</nav>
<nav id="socialnav">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<nav id="mastnav">
<div class="menu-header-container"><ul id="menu-header" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-658" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-658"><a href="index.html">Encroaching Seas</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-310"><a href="melting-ice/index.html">Melting Ice</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-424"><a href="warming-temperatures/index.html">Warming Temperatures</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-522" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-522"><a href="drowning-on-land/index.html">Drowning On Land</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-717"><a href="vanishing-roots/index.html">Vanishing Roots</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-447"><a href="http://openearth.net/">Open Earth</a></li>
</ul></div> <!-- <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/">
<div>
<input type="text" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search here..." value="" />
</div>
</form> -->
</nav>
</div>
</header>
<div class="mobile-header" style="display:none;">
<span class="logo"> <a href="index.html" title="A More Vulnerable World">
A More Vulnerable World </a>
</span> <nav id="mobile-nav">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="icon toggle-nav icon-menu"></a>
<div class="mobile-nav-content">
<div class="menu-header-container"><ul id="menu-header-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-658"><a href="index.html">Encroaching Seas</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-310"><a href="melting-ice/index.html">Melting Ice</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-424"><a href="warming-temperatures/index.html">Warming Temperatures</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-522"><a href="drowning-on-land/index.html">Drowning On Land</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-717"><a href="vanishing-roots/index.html">Vanishing Roots</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-447"><a href="http://openearth.net/">Open Earth</a></li>
</ul></div> <!-- <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" action="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/">
<div>
<input type="text" name="s" id="s" placeholder="Search here..." value="" />
</div>
</form> -->
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<article id="primary" class="content-area" role="main">
<header class="page-header">
<h1>Conflict and climate dry out Jordan Valley</h1>
<div class="kicker">
<div class="kicker-image-container" style="width:720px;"><img width="720" height="480" src="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6.jpg" class="attachment-kicker size-kicker wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6.jpg 720w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6-300x200.jpg 300w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/10-6-272x182.jpg 272w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /><div class="image-caption"><p>Climate change is exacerbating political conflict in the Jordan Valley (Credit: Abeer Ismail)</p>
</div></div> </div>
<div class="post-meta">
<div class="byline">
<p>Abeer Ismail, December 2, 2015</p>
</div>
<div class="terms">
<div class="newsroom-tax-terms">
<div class="tax-category tax-item">
<p>Categories:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="category/articles/index.html">Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="category/uncategorized/index.html">Uncategorized</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tax-post_tag tax-item">
<p>Tags:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="tag/conflict/index.html">Conflict</a></li>
<li><a href="tag/dried-up/index.html">Dried Up</a></li>
<li><a href="tag/drought/index.html">Drought</a></li>
<li><a href="tag/water/index.html">Water</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tax-topic tax-item">
<p>Topics:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="topic/climate/index.html">Climate</a></li>
<li><a href="topic/food/index.html">Food</a></li>
<li><a href="topic/society-and-community/index.html">Society & Community</a></li>
<li><a href="topic/water/index.html">Water</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="tax-region tax-item">
<p>Regions:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="region/jordan-river-basin/index.html">Jordan River Basin</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="content-container">
<!-- <aside id="share">
<p>Share this story</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="fb-like" data-href="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false" data-send="false" data-share="true"></div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-url="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/" data-lang="en" data-count="vertical">Tweet</a>
</li>
<li>
<div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/index.html"></div>
</li>
<li>
<script src="http://platform.linkedin.com/in.js" type="text/javascript"> lang: en_US</script>
<script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script>
</li>
</ul>
</aside> -->
<section class="content">
<p>The Jordan Valley, which encompasses modern day Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, has long been considered the region’s food basket. But the once cascading waters of the Jordan River – the lifeblood of its fertile grounds – have been reduced in many places to a mere trickle, victim of transboundary squabbling over water rights that is devastating the traditional livelihoods of the region’s Palestinian farmers.</p>
<p>Now it’s climate change that is exacting a heavy toll.</p>
<p>Captured by the Israelis from Jordan in 1967, the valley has become a central issue in recent peace talks between the Israelis and the Palestinians. To Israel, it’s as a critical piece of their defense and intelligence capabilities, while many Palestinians say the occupation isn’t about security, but access to resources. According to World Bank estimates, tight Israeli restrictions on Palestinian access to agricultural land and water resources in the Jordan Valley is costing the Palestinian economy more than $700 million per year.</p>
<p>But historically low rainfall rates and warming temperatures are placing additional pressure on disputed water resources. In recent years, dozens of aquifers have dried up and many fear the Jordan Valley, which lies 100 to 450 meters below sea level, will turn into an arid desert if water is eventually depleted.</p>
<div id="attachment_370" style="width: 730px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4-2.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-370" class="size-full wp-image-370" src="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4-2.jpg" alt="The barren village of Fayasel in the Jordan Valley (Credit: Abeer Ismail)" width="720" height="480" srcset="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4-2.jpg 720w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/4-2-272x182.jpg 272w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-370" class="wp-caption-text">The barren village of Fasayel in the Jordan Valley (Credit: Abeer Ismail)</p></div>
<p>According to a recent report issued by the Palestinian Environmental Center, this past summer was the hottest in decades. Temperatures rose 10 degrees Celsius over monthly averages in Jericho and other parts of the Jordan Valley, in some cases surpassing 50ºC (about 122ºF).</p>
<p>For the valley’s Palestinian farmers, water is already a scarce commodity. Many say there is often not enough water for basic necessities, let alone enough for their livestock or to practice traditional year-round cultivation.</p>
<p>“About 20 years ago, agriculture flourished in my village and we were self-sufficient,” says Mahmoud Saleh Suleiman, a 64-year-old farmer. “But during the past few years, water started to gradually dry up for many reasons.” One of those reasons, he believes, is climate change. “Especially in summer,” he says, “the temperature has increased, drying up water aquifers.”</p>
<p>The head of the Palestinian Environmental Quality Authority, Adalah Atiri, says that prevailing drought conditions are having a major impact in the West Bank, in turn affecting the food and agricultural sector. “We assume the worst possibilities to enable us to tackle issues such as a fall in rainfall of 10-20 percent by 2020 as a result of climate change,” Atiri says, “Work is needed to find solutions and adapt to these changes.”</p>
<h2>Challenging political environment</h2>
<p>But any solutions that ignore the complex political realities on the ground are insufficient.</p>
<p>Approximately 80,000 Palestinians live in the Jordan Valley, but strict Israeli measures restrict them from accessing 94 percent of available land, according to a 2015 Human Rights Watch report. Instead, Israel has allocated the majority of the valley’s land, about 86 percent, to regional councils who protect the interests of its 9,500 Israeli settlers. According to World Bank estimates, each settler receives an average of 300 liters per capita per day, about four times the amount available to Palestinians across the West Bank.</p>
<p>Villages that used to sustainably produce crops have seen their once abundant supplies of water dry up, much of it diverted to the nearby farms of Israeli settlers. Wells are often antiquated and in desperate need of repair, but it’s difficult to get the necessary permits to fix them as many lie in Area C – a security zone where Israel maintains full control.</p>
<p>In Suleiman’s hometown of Fasayel, more than 95 percent of the village’s 2,000 residents are farmers, but due to chronic water shortages, local agricultural production has ceased completely. Many now work for Israeli farms along the outskirts of the town, an industry that has been sharply criticized by human rights groups for labor violations.</p>
<p>“While the village population has doubled during the last twenty years,” Suleiman says, “our share of water has remained the same and we are obliged to buy water to meet our daily needs, as well as needs for cultivation.” But this resource comes at a steep price.</p>
<div id="attachment_372" style="width: 730px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-372" class="size-full wp-image-372" src="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3.jpg" alt="Farmer Mahmoud Saleh Suleiman (Credit: Abeer Ismail)" width="720" height="480" srcset="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3.jpg 720w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3-300x200.jpg 300w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3-272x182.jpg 272w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-372" class="wp-caption-text">Farmer Mahmoud Saleh Suleiman (Credit: Abeer Ismail)</p></div>
<p>Dr. Abdel Rahman Tamimi, director of the Palestinian Hydology Group, says that continuous reductions in water supplies have forced Palestinians to buy water from the Israeli authorities at inflated prices. The price of one cubic meter of treated water is 5 shekels, Tamimi says, “but the Israelis take advantage of Palestinian demand for water and sell it at 25 shekels for one cubic meter, especially in Hebron and the Jordan Valley area, where people spend around 12 percent of their monthly income on water.”</p>
<p>According to Tamimi, factors such as climate change and Israeli control over supply have restricted daily individual consumption from an average of 80 liters to only 40. In some cases it’s much less, but each is below the 100 liters per day recommended by the World Health Organization. “In southern Hebron,” he says, “the per capita share of water is only 10 liters and people in that area are obliged to buy water.”</p>
<p>Farmer Youself Sawafta owns several <em>dunums </em>of land in Bardala (each <em>dunum </em>is equal to 100 square meters), the lowest agricultural strip on earth. The last three years, he says, have been some of the most difficult due to the adverse effects of hot weather on agriculture and water supplies. Despite his best efforts to reduce reliance on water-intensive crops, his output remains meager. “For more than a year, we have been trying to cultivate crops that do not need much water, such as barley,” he says. “We barely have sufficient water for our daily use, let alone cultivation.”</p>
<p>Sawafta says that tight restrictions on what little water is available for agriculture only makes things worse. “In the past, we were allowed to extract 400 cubic meters per hour,” he says. “The occupation allocated us only 80 cubic meters per hour, which is insufficient to cultivate any type of vegetable.”</p>
<div id="attachment_386" style="width: 730px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/7-5.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-386" class="size-full wp-image-386" src="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/7-5.jpg" alt="A well in Bardah that is controlled by the Israeli water company Makarot (Credit: Abeer Ismail)" width="720" height="480" srcset="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/7-5.jpg 720w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/7-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/7-5-272x182.jpg 272w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-386" class="wp-caption-text">A well in Bardalah that is controlled by the Israeli water company Mekorot (Credit: Abeer Ismail)</p></div>
<p>What does remain is cost prohibitive for most Palestinian farmers. Sawafta says his annual water bill is more than 100 thousand shekels (approximately $26,000) and he depends on help from international aid organizations to cover the bill. But it’s a high sum for the poor agricultural region, where the average annual per capita income is $2,000.</p>
<p>According to Sawafta, Israeli authorities have reduced the volume of water allocated to Bardala since 2000 in order to supply nearby settlements. Two wells built before 1967 to provide the village with water are fitted with meters to monitor use. A guard, he says, prevents anyone from approaching them. Deeper wells dug by Israel’s National Water Company, Mekorot, are close by.</p>
<h2>A region-wide problem?</h2>
<p>Mekorot director Ori Shani disputes the notion that Israel is the cause of water shortages faced by Palestinians. Severe drought, he says, is putting pressure not only on the West Bank, but also Israel and other neighboring countries. “Climate change has affected the volume of water and the seasons,” says Shani, “some seasons have become longer than others, causing drought in certain areas and less water in springs, a phenomenon that did not previously exist.”</p>
<p>He says visible impacts such as reduced water levels in the Sea of Galilee (Tiberias Lake) have prompted both sides to seek solutions, but the Palestinian Authority (PA) has been negligent in its approach to solving the crisis.</p>
<p>“The PA has not attempted to reduce water consumption by the public and has also failed to implement any projects to tackle the water shortage, such as the treatment of wastewater for cultivation purposes,” he says. “This can reduce the water shortage by 30 percent, exactly as it has done in Israel.”</p>
<p>Reduced water to villages is therefore not a problem with supply, he says, but with demand. “We supply Palestinians with double the quantity of water stipulated in agreements signed between Palestinians and Israelis,” says Shani, “the quantity of water supplied to areas inside the Green Line is much higher than that supplied to settlements.”</p>
<p>Humanitarian organizations estimate that 100,000 <em>dunums</em> of agricultural land in the Jordan Valley is affected by water shortages, forcing many farmers each year to pack up and leave. Palestinian Water Authority (PWA) head Mazen Ghneim acknowledges that climate change has played a role in reducing underground aquifers and increasing drought, but says the crisis would be greatly reduced if Israel ceased control over the valley’s water supply. According to PWA estimates, the average Palestinian in the Jordan Valley receives an average daily share of 30 liters, compared to the daily per capita share of 500 liters for an Israeli settler.</p>
<div id="attachment_389" style="width: 730px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/8-3.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-389" class="size-full wp-image-389" src="wp-content/uploads/2015/12/8-3.jpg" alt="An outdated Palestinian well in Bardalah (Credit: Abeer Ismail)" width="720" height="480" srcset="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/8-3.jpg 720w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/8-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https://climate.earthjournalism.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/8-3-272x182.jpg 272w" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-389" class="wp-caption-text">An outdated Palestinian well in Bardalah (Credit: Abeer Ismail)</p></div>
<p>The way Ghneim sees it, Palestinians face few choices – either buy water back from Israel at inflated prices or attempt to renovate outdated wells. The second option is difficult and requires approval from the Israeli government, he says, which comes few and far between. But Mekorot’s Ori Shani says that it’s the Palestinian Authority government that’s been slow to begin approved renovations. “In the Joint Palestinian-Israeli Water Committee,” he says, “we Israelis agreed to renovate 60 wells in the West Bank, but the PA has not yet started the implementation of these projects.”</p>
<p>It’s clear that there is no simple solution to easing water woes in the Jordan Valley. Despite their low carbon footprint, Palestinians also have little control over emissions that climate scientists say are warming the planet and contributing to the warmer temperatures and prolonged drought, conditions that Palestinian Environmental Quality Authority head Atir says makes them doubly victimized.</p>
<p>“Emissions produced by Palestine are almost zero as Palestine does not have factories,” she says. “Israel also does not allow Palestinians to exploit underground water aquifers located within their land, which is a double blow.”</p>
<p> </p>
<!-- <aside id="bottom-share">
<p>Share this story</p>
<ul>
<li>
<div class="fb-like" data-href="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/" data-layout="box_count" data-show-faces="false" data-send="false" data-share="true"></div>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-url="https://climate.earthjournalism.net/2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/" data-lang="en" data-count="vertical">Tweet</a>
</li>
<li>
<div class="g-plusone" data-size="tall" data-href="2015/12/02/conflict-and-climate-dry-out-jordan-valley/index.html"></div>
</li>
<li>
<script src="http://platform.linkedin.com/in.js" type="text/javascript"> lang: en_US</script>
<script type="IN/Share" data-counter="top"></script>
</li>
</ul>
</aside> -->
<!-- <!-- <!-- <div id="comments" class="comments-area row">
<!-- </div> --> <!-- #comments --> <!-- </section> -->
</div>
<aside id="sidebar">
<ul class="widgets">
</ul>
</aside>
</article>
<footer id="colophon">
<div class="footer-content">
<nav id="footer-nav">
<div class="menu"><ul>
<li class="page_item page-item-297"><a href="cop21-liveblog/index.html">COP21 Liveblog</a></li>
<li class="page_item page-item-302"><a href="drowning-on-land/index.html">Drowning On Land</a></li>
<li class="page_item page-item-351"><a href="index.html">Encroaching Seas</a></li>
<li class="page_item page-item-289"><a href="melting-ice/index.html">Melting Ice</a></li>
<li class="page_item page-item-660"><a href="vanishing-roots/index.html">Vanishing Roots</a></li>
<li class="page_item page-item-315"><a href="warming-temperatures/index.html">Warming Temperatures</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
<ul id="footer-sidebar">
</ul>
<div class="credits">
<p>A More Vulnerable World</p>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div id="fb-root"></div>
<script>(function(d, s, id) {
var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
if (d.getElementById(id)) return;
js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
js.src = "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1&appId=549362951906966";
fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script>
<script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs");</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function() {
var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true;
po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s);
})();
</script>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='range-slider-css' href='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/range-slider/css/classic-min6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='jeo-range-slider-css' href='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/css/range-slider6e7a.css?ver=5.2.7' type='text/css' media='all' />
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/moment.mind4d7.js?ver=2.22.2'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
moment.locale( 'en_US', {"months":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthsShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"weekdays":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"weekdaysShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"week":{"dow":0},"longDateFormat":{"LT":"g:i a","LTS":null,"L":null,"LL":"F j, Y","LLL":"F j, Y g:i a","LLLL":null}} );
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.mine899.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.mine899.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
jQuery(document).ready(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":0,"isRTL":false});});
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/d3js/4.13.0/d3.min.js?ver=4.13.0'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jeo_markers = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/climate.earthjournalism.net\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","query":{"p":367,"error":"","m":"","post_parent":"","subpost":"","subpost_id":"","attachment":"","attachment_id":0,"name":"","pagename":"","page_id":0,"second":"","minute":"","hour":"","day":0,"monthnum":0,"year":0,"w":0,"category_name":"","tag":"","cat":"","tag_id":"","author":"","author_name":"","feed":"","tb":"","paged":1,"meta_key":"","meta_value":"","preview":"","s":"","sentence":"","title":"","fields":"","menu_order":"","embed":"","category__in":[],"category__not_in":[],"category__and":[],"post__in":[],"post__not_in":[],"post_name__in":[],"tag__in":[],"tag__not_in":[],"tag__and":[],"tag_slug__in":[],"tag_slug__and":[],"post_parent__in":[],"post_parent__not_in":[],"author__in":[],"author__not_in":[],"ignore_sticky_posts":false,"cache_results":false,"update_post_term_cache":true,"lazy_load_term_meta":true,"update_post_meta_cache":true,"post_type":["post"],"posts_per_page":200,"nopaging":false,"comments_per_page":"50","no_found_rows":false,"order":"DESC","post_status":"publish"},"markerextent":"1","markerextent_defaultzoom":"","enable_clustering":""};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/markersca30.js?ver=0.2.19'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/widget.mine899.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.mine899.js?ver=1.11.4'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/jquery.mousewheel6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/range-slider/jQAllRangeSliders-withRuler-min6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/lib/moment6e7a.js?ver=5.2.7'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var jeo_range_slider_options = {"rangeType":"dateRangeSlider","options":{"dateFormat":"MM\/DD\/YYYY"}};
var jeo_range_slider_options = {"rangeType":"dateRangeSlider","options":{"dateFormat":"MM\/DD\/YYYY"}};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='wp-content/themes/jeo/inc/js/range-slider6275.js?ver=0.1.3'></script>
</body>
<!-- This is an archived copy of climate.earthjournalism.net/?p=367 generated by Internews' Global Technology Hub on Tue, 30 Jun 2020 18:37:57 GMT -->
</html>