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CLI_CHEATSHEET.md

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Inside Server

System Information:

  • View system info: 
    uname -a
  • Check memory usage: 
    free -h
  • Check disk usage: 
    df -h
  • Check CPU usage: 
    top
    or 
    htop
  • Check system uptime: 
    uptime

User and Permissions:

  • List all users: 
    cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
  • Switch user: 
    su - username
  • Change user password: 
    sudo passwd username
  • Add a user: 
    sudo adduser username

File Operations:

  • List files in directory: 
    ls -l
  • Change directory: 
    cd /path/to/directory
  • Copy files: 
    cp source destination
  • Move/rename files: 
    mv source destination
  • Remove files: 
    rm filename
  • Edit a file (with nano editor): 
    nano filename

Networking:

  • Check IP address: 
    ip a
  • Check open ports: 
    sudo netstat -tuln
  • Test connectivity to a host: 
    ping hostname_or_ip
  • Check active network connections: 
    ss -tuln

Package Management (Debian-based systems):

  • Update packages: 
    sudo apt update
  • Upgrade packages: 
    sudo apt upgrade
  • Install a package: 
    sudo apt install package_name
  • Remove a package: 
    sudo apt remove package_name

Services Management:

  • Check service status: 
    sudo systemctl status service_name
  • Start a service: 
    sudo systemctl start service_name
  • Stop a service: 
    sudo systemctl stop service_name
  • Enable a service to start at boot: 
    sudo systemctl enable service_name
  • Restart a service: 
    sudo systemctl restart service_name

Logs:

  • View system logs (most recent logs): 
    sudo journalctl -xe
  • View specific service logs: 
    sudo journalctl -u service_name

Firewall (UFW):

  • Check UFW status: 
    sudo ufw status
  • Allow port (e.g., port 80 for HTTP): 
    sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
  • Enable UFW: 
    sudo ufw enable
  • Disable UFW: 
    sudo ufw disable
  • Check firewall rules: 
    sudo ufw status verbose

Processes:

  • Show running processes:

    ps aux

  • Kill a process:

    kill process_id

  • Kill a process by name:

    pkill process_name

SSH:

  • SSH into server: 
    ssh username@hostname_or_ip
  • SSH with a specific port: 
    ssh -p port_number username@hostname_or_ip

Disk Usage & Cleanup:

  • Check disk usage: 
    sudo du -sh /path/to/folder
  • Clean up apt cache: 
    sudo apt clean

Backup and Restore:

  • Create a tar backup: 
    tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /path/to/directory
  • Extract a tar backup: 
    tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz