Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications.
Quick-Relief (Rescue) Medications:
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Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs): Medications for asthma attacks relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up. Example: albuterol.
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Ipratropium Bromide: This medication can also help relax the airways and is used in combination with SABAs for acute symptom relief.
Long-Term Control Medications:
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Inhaled Corticosteroids: These anti-inflammatory medications reduce airway inflammation. Examples: fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone.
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Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs): LABAs are often prescribed in combination with inhaled corticosteroids to improve lung function and provide additional symptom control. Examples: salmeterol, formoterol.
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Leukotriene Modifiers: These reduce inflammation and improve airflow in the airways. Example: montelukast.
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Theophylline: This oral medication can help open the airways and improve lung function. It's used less frequently today due to potential side effects.
Biologics:
- Targeted therapies: In severe asthma cases, biologic medications may be considered that aim to address specific inflammatory pathways. Examples: omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab.