Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections. It belongs to the azole class of antifungals, which work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This inhibition leads to increased membrane permeability and cell death, effectively treating the infection.
Itraconazole is used to treat infections such as aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and certain types of candidiasis. It is available in oral and intravenous forms, with the oral form being available as capsules and a liquid solution. The absorption of itraconazole can be affected by stomach acidity, so it is recommended to take the capsules with food to enhance absorption, while the solution should be taken on an empty stomach.
While generally well-tolerated, itraconazole can cause side effects including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, and, less commonly, liver toxicity and heart failure. Regular monitoring of liver function is advised during prolonged treatment. Additionally, itraconazole can interact with a range of other medications, including some statins, anticoagulants, and certain antiepileptic drugs, necessitating careful management to avoid adverse effects.
Itraconazole's broad spectrum of activity and effectiveness in treating serious fungal infections make it a valuable option in antifungal therapy. However, the potential for drug interactions and side effects requires careful patient management and monitoring throughout the treatment period.