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Biomarker-FISH.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>FISH tests</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="view.css" media="all">
<script type="text/javascript" src="view.js"></script>
<style>
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background-color: white;
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outline: none;
font-size: 14px;
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background-color: #fff2e6;
}
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padding: 0 18px;
max-height: 0;
overflow: hidden;
transition: max-height 0.2s ease-out;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
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table, th, td {
border: 1px solid silver;
border-collapse: collapse;
font-size: 10px;
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</style>
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<body>
<div>
<img id="top" src="top.png" alt="">
<div id="form_container">
<div class="form_description">
<h2 align="center">
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"/>
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">
<br>
FISH tests
</h2>
</div>
<p align="center">This is the list of FISH tests available in the laboratory. <br><br>
<p>Click on the gene name for general information of the probe and its respective common applications. Web-links to the manufacturers' websites and genomic maps of each of the loci are provided. <br><br></p>
<p align="center">Please note that only ALK breakapart FISH and ROS1 breakapart FISH are accrediated tests.<br><br>
Please order the test through the desktop little fox.<br>
</p>
<br>
<p>
FISH is performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. Composed-pseudocoloured images are captured for enumeration. Pathologists might count at least 50 interphase tumor nuclei. Positive cut-off for FISH tests varies on the nature of probes, specific genomic changes and in different diseases. As low as 15% has been proposed in published guidelines for some probes e.g. some types of BRAF translocation in pilocytic astrocytoma, RET translocations in non small cell lung carcinomas, etc.
</p>
<p>
References databases:<br>
1. <a href="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/" target="_blank">Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology</a><br>
2. <a href="https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/fusion" target="_blank">Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer COSMIC</a><br>
3. <a href="https://mitelmandatabase.isb-cgc.org/" target="_blank">Mitelman database</a><br>
4. <a href="https://www.tumorfusions.org/" target="_blank">Tumor fusion gene data portal</a><br>
</p>
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<p>
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<img src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>
<img src="data:image/png;base64,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"/>
</p>
<p>
<a href=".\cap\ChimericTranscript.jpeg" target="_blank"><img src=".\cap\ChimericTranscript.jpeg" alt="fusion transcripts" width="630"></a>
Common <a href=".\cap\ChimericTranscript.jpeg" target="_blank">fusion transcripts</a> (adapted from Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Kit website)
</p>
<div class= "ex1">
<button class="collapsible">1p19q co-deletion (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/chromosome/19" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For glioma.<br>
Chromosome 1:<br>
Orange Probe: 1p36, ~435 kb<br>
Green Probe: 1q25, ~618 kb<br>
<br>
Chromosome 19:<br>
Orange Probe: 19q13, ~380 kb<br>
Green Probe: 1q25, ~502 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis LSI 1p36 SpectrumOrange/1q25 SpectrumGreen Probes and Vysis LSI 19q13 SpectrumOrange/19p13 SpectrumGreen Probes (ASR) is used in 2 separated FISH tests. Deletions affecting the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p36) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q13) are frequently found in human gliomas and are associated with a better survival. Determination of 1p and 19q status may aid in therapeutic decisions and predict outcome in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
</p>
<p>
Please use Ronnie's template for scoring of a total 200 tumor nuclei.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-1p36-SO_435kb_probemap_mw004.png" alt="1p36" width="600">
<img src=".\cap\LSI-1q25-SGn_618kb_probemap_mw004.png" alt="1p36" width="600">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-19q13-SO_380kb_probemap_mw004.png" alt="1p36" width="600">
<img src=".\cap\LSI-19p13-SGn_502kb_probemap_mw002.png" alt="1p36" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">AKT1 (AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/gene/AKT1/break-apart" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>) </button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, AKT1 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, AKT1 5'end<br>
</p>
<p>
Empire Genomics’ AKT1 Break Apart FISH Probe is designed to flank the AKT1 gene and is typically used for detecting AKT1 rearrangements such as translocations.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\AKT1-BA.jpg" alt="AKT1" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase) translocation (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/products/oncology/vysis-alk-break-apart-fish-probe-kit" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For Non-small cell lung carcinoma (CAP accredited test).
</p>
<p>
The Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit is a qualitative test to detect rearrangements involving the ALK gene via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. See also "IASLC Atlas of ALK adn ROS1 testing in lung cancer 2e". Special note is to be taken if there are solely 5' signals (isolated green signals).<br><br>
Orange Probe: Telomere side, 3' end of the ALK gene.<br>
Green Probe: 3' end to mid portion of the ALK gene (including the tyrosine kinase domain).
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\ALK-BA-FISH-pattern.png" alt="IASLC Atlas of ALK adn ROS1 testing in lung cancer 2e" width="300">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-ALK-SO_300kb_LSI-ALK-SGn_442kb_probemap_mw002-kit.png" alt="ALK" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">BCL2 (BCL2 apoptosis regulator) translocation (<a href=".\cap\BCL2-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma.<br>
Orange Probe: telomere side, BCL2 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, BCL2 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC BCL2 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 18q21.33 harboring the BCL2 gene. Translocations involving the BCL2 gene are commonly identified in B-cell lymphomas. In particular, the translocation t(14;18)(q32.3;q21.3) has been identified in about 80% of follicular lymphoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BCL2partners.jpg" alt="BCL2 partners" width="600">
<br>
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BCL2-BA.jpg" alt="BCL2" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">BCL6 (BCL6 transcription repressor) translocation (<a href="https://www.molecularcatalog.abbott/us/en/Vysis-LSI-BCL6-Dual-Color-Break-Apart-Rearrangement-Probe" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For double hit, triple hit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.<br>
Orange Probe: telomere side, BCL6 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, BCL6 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis LSI BCL6 (ABR) Dual Color Break Apart DNA probe hybridizes to the band 3q27. The 5’ BCL6 SpectrumOrange probe is ~349 kb in size and flanks the ABR of BCL6. The 3’ BCL6 SpectrumGreen probe is approximately 816kb in size and flanks the MBR region of BCL6. There is an approximate 265 kb gap between the two probes. In interphase nuclei of normal cells, the probe generally appears as two distinct signals (orange and green adjacent, or fused yellow). Probe signals may also appear diffuse or split in interphase nuclei, depending upon the condensation of the DNA.
</p>
<p>
In high-grade B-cell lymphomas, the presence of MYC aberrations identifies a patient subset with a very poor prognosis, particularly when there is concomitant rearrangement of BCL2 or BCL6, a condition referred to as "double hit” DLBCL. In rare cases translocation involves MYC, BCL2 and BCL6, so called “triple hit”.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BCL6partners.jpg" alt="BCL6 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\Vysis-LSI-BCL6-(ABR)-Dual-Color-Break-Apart-Rearrangement-Probe_ProbeMap.jpg" alt="BCL6" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">BCOR (BCL6 corepressor) translocation (LBP)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for Ewing sarcoma-like small blue round cell tumors, endometrial stromal sarcoma.<br>
<br>
Red Probe : centromere side, 3' of the BCOR gene<br>
Green Probe : telomere side, 5' of the BCOR gene<br>
</p>
<p>
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using GSP BCOR Probe (Guangzhou Linked Biotech Pathology Co. Ltd.) and is typically used for detecting BCOR rearrangements such as translocations in small blue round cell tumors, Ewing sarcoma-like tumors that are negative for EWSR1 translocations.
</p>
<p>
Chromosome: CHRX: 39910498-40036582</p>
<p>
Locus: Xp11.4
</p>
<p>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / CCNB3 (Xp11.22)<br>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / CHCHD7 (8q12.1)<br>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / L3MBTL2 (22q13.2)<br>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / MAML3 (4q31)<br>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / POM121L12 (7p12.1)<br>
BCOR (Xp11.4) / RARA (17q21.2)<br>
EP300 (22q13.2) / BCOR (Xp11.4)<br>
ZC3H7B (22q13.2) / BCOR (Xp11.4)<br>
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BCOR-BA_GROR.png" alt="BCOR" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) amplification (<a href=".\cap\BRAF-CEN7.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for brain tumomr typing.<br>
Orange Probe: CEN7 (D7Z1)<br>
Green Probe: BRAF, 7q34, ~525 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC BRAF/CEN 7 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of amplifications involving the chromosomal region 7q34 harboring the BRAF gene. Activating mutations in BRAF are found in many tumor types, including malignant melanoma, thyroid, colorectal, and ovarian carcinomas, lung adenocarcinoma, as well as in some sarcomas and gliomas.
</p>
<p>
BRAF/CEN7 amplification probe might also be used to look for KIAA-BRAF translocation in pilocystic astrocytoma, consisting of complex duplication and translocation events. RT-PCR assay might, sometimes, be more efficient in detecting this particular translocation.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BRAF-CEN7.png" alt="BRAF amplification" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) translocation (<a href=".\cap\BRAF-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for brain tumomr typing.<br>
Orange Probe: centromere side, BRAF 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, BRAF 5'end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC BRAF Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed for the detection of rearrangements involving the chromosomal region 7q34 harboring the BRAF gene. Various BRAF translocations were observed in melanocytic nevi, pilocytic astrocytomas, malignant melanoma, prostate and gastric cancer.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BRAFpartners.jpg" alt="BRAF partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\BRAF-BA.png" alt="BRAF break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">CCND1 (cyclin D1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\CCND1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For mantle cell lymphoma<br>
Orange Probe: telomere side, CCND1 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, CCND1 5' end<br>
<p>
The ZytoLight SPEC CCND1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe (PL65) is intended to be used for the qualitative detection of translocations involving the human CCND1 gene at 11q13.3 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CCND1-BA.jpg" alt="CCND1" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">CDK6 (Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/gene/CDK6/break-apart" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>) </button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, CDK6 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, CDK6 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Empire Genomics’ CDK6 Break Apart FISH Probe is designed to flank the CDK6 gene and is typically used for detecting CDK6 rearrangements such as translocations.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CDK6-BA_GROR.png" alt="CDK6" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">CDKN2A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) deletion (<a href=".\cap\CDKN2A-CEN9.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for brain tumor typing.<br>
Orange Probe: CEN 9 (D9Z3)<br>
Green Probe: CDNK2A, 9p21.3, ~315 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC CDKN2A/CEN 9 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of CDKN2A deletions frequently observed in most tumor cell lines as well as in primary human malignancies. CDKN2A gene is found in up to 80% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases and is associated with poor prognosis and relapse of the disease. Also, this genetic change might be important in the classification and acts as prognostic indicator for some gliomas, aiming to look at homozygous deletion.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CDKN2A-CEN9.png" alt="CDKN2A deletion" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">CIC (capicua transcriptional repressor) translocation (<a href=".\cap\CIC-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for Ewing sarcoma-like small blue round cell tumors.<br>
Orange Probe: centromere side, CIC 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, CIC 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC CIC Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 19q13.2 harboring the CIC gene. Rearrangements involving the CIC gene are frequently found in EWSR1-negative small blue round cell tumors and have been described as aggressive tumors with an inferior overall survival compared to Ewing sarcoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CICpartners.jpg" alt="CIC partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CIC-BA.png" alt="CIC break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">COL1A1::PDGFB fusion (<a href=".\cap\COL1A-PDGFB.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).<br>
Orange Probe: COL1A1, 17q21.33, ~925 kb<br>
Green Probe: PDGFB, 22q13.1, ~1.3 Mb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC COL1A1/PDGFB Dual Color Dual Fusion Probe is designed for the detection of the specific translocations involving the chromosomal region 17q21.33 harboring the COL1A1 (a.k.a. OI4) gene, and the chromosomal region 22q13.1, harboring the PDGFB (a.k.a PDGF2, SIS) gene. The reciprocal translocations involving t(17;22)(q21.3;q13.1) are characteristic for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) patients.</p>
<p>
Local lab data criteria: POSITIVE (>=20%), NEGATIVE (<10%), and further RT-PCR for cases with 10-20% positive nuclei. (This is our first fusion probe, please comment.)
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\COL1A1-PDGFB.jpg" alt="COL1A1-PDGFB fusion probe" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">CSF1 (colony stimulating factor 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\CSF1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">安必平</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for PVNS and TGCT. Probe from "Guangzhou Lbp Medicine Science & Technology Co., Ltd."<br>
Orange Probe: telomere side, CSF1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, CSF1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
CSF1, the ligand of the tyrosine kinase receptor, CSF1R, can be translocated in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT). Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Jun;31(6):970-6.
</p>
<p>
ATP5EP2 (13q12.2) / CSF1 (1p13.3)<br>
COL6A3 (2q37.3) / CSF1 (1p13.3)<br>
CSF1 (1p13.3) / COL6A3 (2q37.3)<br>
CSF1 (1p13.3) / S100A10 (1q21.3)<br>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\CSF1-BA2.png" alt="CSF1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<!--
<button class="collapsible">CSF1R (colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) translocation (<a href="https://www.zytovision.com/products/zytolight/z-2202" target="_blank">Zytolight</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC CSF1R Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect rearrangements involving the chromosomal region 5q32 harboring the CSF1R gene. Rearrangement of the CSF1R gene was first detected in an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line generating the RBM6-CSF1R fusion gene. This probe is probably not useful in AP.
</p>
</div>
-->
<button class="collapsible">DDIT3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3) translocation (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/int/en/chromosome/12.html" target="_blank">Vysis</a>) and (<a href=".\cap\DDIT3-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for myxoid liposarcoma.<br>
Orange Probe: centromere side, DDIT3 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, DDIT3 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis DDIT3 Break Apart FISH Probe Kit and the ZytoLight ® SPEC DDIT3 Dual Color Break Apart Probe are designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 12q13.3 harboring the DDIT3 gene. DDIT3 is consistently rearranged in myxoid liposarcomas.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\DDIT3partners.jpg" alt="DDIT3 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-DDIT3-SO_700kb_SGn_663kb_probemap_mw001-orange.png" alt="DDIT3 break apart" width="600"><br>
Vysis Probe
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\DDIT3-BA.jpg" alt="DDIT3 break apart" width="450"><br>
ZytoLight Probe
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">EBF1 (EBF transcription factor 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\EBF1_BA_FISH.pdf" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, EBF1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, EBF1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
For sarcoma, such as lipomatous neoplasm and lipofibrous neoplasm. Pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL)
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EBF1_BA.jpg" alt="EBF1 break apart probe" width="600">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EBF1_partners.jpg" alt="EBF1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene amplification (<a href=".\cap\EGFR-CEN7.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for brain tumomr typing.<br>
Orange Probe: CEN 7 (D7Z1)<br>
Green Probe: EGFR, 7p11.2, ~635 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC EGFR/CEN 7 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of EGFR gene amplification frequently observed in solid neoplasms including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma. Overexpression of EGFR has been shown in a number of tumor entities and is associated with poor prognosis. This probe is also used in the diagnostic algorithm of glioma.
</p>
<p>
A tumor was considered EGFR amplified when there was focal EGFR gene amplification defined as an EGFR/CEP 7 ratio greater than or equal to 2 in ≥15% recorded cells. Tumors with polysomy for chromosome 7 (excess copies of the entire chromosome) but without focal amplification of the EGFR gene were considered to be EGFR nonamplified. (French et al 2020 Neuro-Oncol)
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EGFR-CEN7.png" alt="EGFR amplification" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">ERBB2 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2) gene amplification (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/us/en/products/oncology/pathvysion-her-2-dna-probe-kit" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Please order HER2 DISH for routine breast CA biomarker testing.
</p>
<p>
The PathVysion HER-2 DNA Probe Kit (PathVysion Kit) is designed to detect amplification of the HER-2/neu gene via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue specimens. We have taken off this test from accreditation. Please order DISH through the desktop little fox for more efficient processing in immuno lab using the automated processor.
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">ERBB3 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3) amplification (<a href=".\cap\ERBB3.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: ERBB3, 12q13.2-q13.3, ~680 kb<br>
Green Probe: CEN12 (D12Z3)<br>
<p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC ERBB3/CEN 12 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of amplifications of the chromosomal regions harboring the ERBB3 gene. It belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily which is known to be affected by gene amplifications in a number of malignant tumors.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\ERBB3.png" alt="ERBB3" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">ERBB4 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4) amplification (<a href=".\cap\ERBB4.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: ERBB4, 2q34, ~1040 kb<br>
Green Probe: AFF3, 2q11.2, ~490 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC ERBB4/2q11 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed for the detection of amplifications of the chromosomal regions harboring the ERBB4 gene. There is growing evidence that cooperation of all four members of the ERBB gene family contributes to a more aggressive tumor phenotype and influences therapeutic response.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\ERBB4-1.png" alt="ERBB4" width="450">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\ERBB4-2.png" alt="2q11" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">EWSR1 (EWS RNA binding protein 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\EWSR1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for many different sarcomas including angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, Clear cell sarcoma of soft parts, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, extraskeletal myoxoid chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma/PNET, myoepithelial tumor, .....
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, EWSR1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, EWSR1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC EWSR1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 22q12.2 harboring the EWSR1 gene (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1). There are many fusion partners for the EWSR1 translocation.
Sanger's Catalogue of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) fusion database provides an updated references of the breakpoints for EWSR1.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EWSR1PartnerTum02.jpg" alt="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org//Genes/EWSR1ID85.html" width="600">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EWSR1PartnerTum.jpg" alt="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org//Genes/EWSR1ID85.html" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\EWSR1-BA.png" alt="EWSR1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">FGFR1 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3) amplification (<a href=".\cap\FGFR1.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: CEN 8 (D8Z2)<br>
Green Probe: FGFR1, 8p11.22-p11.23, ~465 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC FGFR1/CEN 8 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of FGFR1 gene amplification frequently observed in malignant tumors e.g. breast and prostate cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). FGFR1 is believed to emerge as a potential therapeutic target for lobular breast carcinomas.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FGFR1.png" alt="FGFR1" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">FN1 (fibronectin 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\FN1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">安必平</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (FN1 and EGF fusion)<br>
for chondroblastoma (FN1 and FGFR1/FGFR2 fusion)<br>
for chondroid and calcified mesenchymal neoplasms (FN1 and FGFR2, FGFR1, MERTK, NTRK1, TEK fusions)<br>
for phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (FN1 and FGFR1/FGF1 fusion)<br>
for soft tissue chondromas (FN1 and FGFR2 fusion)<br>
for synovial chondromatosis (FN1 and ACVR2 fusions). <br>
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, FN1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, FN1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Fibronectin, coded by the gene FN1, is a large protein that binds to many molecules, such as collagen, fibrin, proteoglycans, and cell-surface receptors.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FN1-BA.jpg" alt="FN1 break apart" width="600">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FN1-partners.jpg" alt="https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene-fusions/?id=40617?cookies=1" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">FOXO1 (Forkhead box O1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\FOXO1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
For alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, FOXO1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, FOXO1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight SPEC FOXO1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed for the detection of specific translocations involving the chromosomal region 13q14.11 harboring the FOXO1 gene characteristic for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FOXO1partners.jpg" alt="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org//Genes/EWSR1ID85.html" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FOXO1-BA.png" alt="FOXO1 break apart probe" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">FUS (FUS RNA binding protein) translocation (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/int/en/chromosome/16.html" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for myxoid liposarcoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, FUS, 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, FUS, 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis LSI FUS Break Apart FISH Probe Kit is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 16p11.2 harboring the FUS gene. FUS gene rearrangements have been shown to be involved in both solid tumors and leukemias, e.g. in over 90% of myxoid liposarcoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\FUSpartners.jpg" alt="FUS partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI_FUS_SGn_505kb_LSI_FUS_SO_275kb_probemap_mw001.png" alt="FUS break apart" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">IDH1 (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/gene/IDH1/break-apart" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>) </button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, IDH1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: cenromere side, IDH1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Empire Genomics’ IDH1 Break Apart FISH Probe is designed to flank the CDK6 gene and is typically used for detecting IDH1 rearrangements such as translocations.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\IDH1-BA-GROR.png" alt="IDH1" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">JAZF1 (JAZF zinc finger 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\JAZF1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for low grade/high grade endometrial stromal sarcoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, JAZF1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, JAZF1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC JAZF1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 7p15.1-p15.2 harboring the JAZF1 gene. In 25-30% of endometrial stromal sarcoma, espectially the low grade ones, the JAZF1 gene is disrupted by another translocation t(6;7) where the first zinc finger domain of JAZF1 is fused to both zinc finger domains of the PHF1 gene at 6p21.32.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\JAZF1partners.jpg" alt="JAZF1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\JAZF1-BA.png" alt="JAZF1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">KRAS (KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase) amplification (<a href=".\cap\KRAS.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: KRAS, 12p12.1, ~925 kb<br>
Green Probe: CEN 12 (D12Z3)<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC KRAS/CEN 12 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of KRAS gene amplifications found e.g. in lung cancer. Mutations of KRAS are frequently found in epithelial malignancies and lead to activation of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase resulting in unchecked cellular proliferation and tumor progression.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\KRAS.png" alt="KRAS" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MAML2 (mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2) translocation (<a href=".\cap\MAML2-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, MAML2 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, MAML2 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC MAML2 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect the translocation t(11;19)(q21;p13.1) specific for mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MAML2partners.jpg" alt="MAML2 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MAML2-BA.png" alt="MAML2 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MAP4 (microtubule associated protein 4) translocation (Empire Genomics)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, MAP4 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, MAP4 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
For the detection of MAP4 re-arrangement (Chr.3p21.31). The protein encoded by this gene is a major non-neuronal microtubule-associated protein. This protein contains a domain similar to the microtubule-binding domains of neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/TAU). This protein promotes microtubule assembly, and has been shown to counteract destabilization of interphase microtubule catastrophe promotion. Cyclin B was found to interact with this protein, which targets cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) kinase to microtubules. The phosphorylation of this protein affects microtubule properties and cell cycle progression. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MAP4-BA.png" alt="MAP4 break apart probe" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MDM2 (Murine Double Minute 2) gene amplification (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/int/en/chromosome/12" target="_blank">Vysis</a> and <a href=".\cap\MDM2-CEN12.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for well-differentiated liposarcoma and many others.
</p>
<p>
The Vysis MDM2/CEP 12 FISH Probe Kit and the ZytoLight ® SPEC MDM2/CEN 12 Dual Color Probe are designed for the detection of MDM2 gene amplifications. Well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS) are characterized by the amplification of 12q-derived chromosomal material, harboring the MDM2 oncogene while lipomas show balanced translocations involving 12q13-15. <br><br>
Please note that Vysis probe and Zytolight probe are of different colors:<br><br>
Vysis - MDM2 (red) CEN12 (green)<br>
Zytolight - MDM2 (green) CEN12 (red)<br>
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-MDM2-SO_209kb_probemap-orange.png" alt="MDM2" width="600"><br>
Vysis Probe
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MDM2-CEN12.jpg" alt="MDM2 CEN12" width="450"><br>
ZytoLight Probe
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MEIS1 (Meis homeobox 1) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/gene/MEIS1/break-apart">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, MEIS1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, MEIS1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Empire Genomics’ MEIS1 Break Apart FISH Probe is designed to flank the MEIS1 gene and is typically used for detecting MEIS1 rearrangements such as translocations. Sarcomas with MEIS1-NCOA2 fusions have been reported in 2 cases each of primitive renal sarcomas and intraosseous pelvic rhabdomyosarcomas. Recurrent MEIS1-NCOA2/1 fusions in a subset of low-grade spindle cell sarcomas frequently involve the genitourinary and gynecologic tracts. The consistent morphology was that of monomorphic spindle to ovoid cells in a storiform, whorling, or solid pattern. Alternating cellularity, myxoid stroma, and microcystic changes were seen.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MEIS1-BA-ORGR.png" alt="MESI1 break apart probe" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) gene amplification (<a href=".\cap\MET-CEN7.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for non-small cell lung carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: CEN 7 (D7Z1)<br>
Green Probe: MET, 7q31.2, ~795 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC MET/CEN 7 Dual Color Probe is designed for the detection of MET gene amplifications found in a variety of human tumors including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate and gastric carcinomas as well as in gliomas,melanomas and some sarcomas. Several inhibitors of the HGF/MET signaling pathway are being studied and developed as potent therapies to inhibit tumor growth.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MET-CEN7.png" alt="MET cen7" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MYB (MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor) translocation (<a href=".\cap\MYB-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for adenoid cystic carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, MYB 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, MYB 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC MYB Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 6q23.3 harboring the MYB gene. The MYB gene is expressed predominantly in immature progenitor cells of all hematopoietic lineages and is highly expressed in most leukemias and in some solid tumors. Translocations affecting MYB have been detected in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MYBpartners.jpg" alt="MYB partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MYB-BA.png" alt="MYB break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">MYBL1 (MYB Proto-oncogene Like 1) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/product/20768" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for adenoid cystic carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, MYBL1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, MYBL1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
For adenoid cystic carcinoma, also consider MYB and NFIB break apart FISH tests. MYBL1 is one of those uncommon partners of NFIB.
</p>
<p>
Chromosome: CHR8: 67474409-67525480<br>
Locus: 8q13.1
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MYBLpartners.jpg" alt="MYBL1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MYBL1-BA_GROR.png" alt="MYBL1 break apart" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">c-Myc (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor) translocation (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/int/en/chromosome/8.html" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for double-hit, triple-hit diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, MYC 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, MYC 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis LSI MYC Break Apart Rearrangement Probe Kit is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 8q24.21 harboring the MYC gene. Translocations involving the MYC gene are considered to be cytogenetic hallmarks for Burkitt Lymphoma but are also found in other types of lymphomas.
</p>
<p>
In high-grade B-cell lymphomas, the presence of MYC aberrations identifies a patient subset with a very poor prognosis, particularly when there is concomitant rearrangement of BCL2 or BCL6, a condition referred to as "double hit” DLBCL. In rare cases translocation involves MYC, BCL2 and BCL6, so called “triple hit”. MYC translocations confer a worse prognosis in patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), both in combination with and without rituximab.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MYCpartners.jpg" alt="MYC partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\Vysis-LSI-MYC-Dual-Color-Break-Apart-Rearrangement-Probe_ProbeMap-2.jpg" alt="MYC break apart" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">N-myc (MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor) amplification (<a href="https://www.molecular.abbott/int/en/chromosome/2.html" target="_blank">Vysis</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for neuroblastoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: MYCN, 2p24, ~200 kb<br>
</p>
<p>
Vysis LSI N-MYC SpectrumOrange Probe is designed for the detection of MYCN amplification which represents the most powerful unfavorable prognostic factor for neuroblastoma. Less frequently amplifications are found in retinoblastoma, small cell lung cancer, astrocytoma and other tumors derived from the neuroectoderm. Amplification of the MYCN gene is found in about 25% of primary neuroblastomas and is strongly associated with rapid tumor progression, advanced stages of the disease, and poor prognosis.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\LSI-N-MYC-SO_200kb_probemap_mw002.png" alt="NMYC amplification" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">NCOA2 (nuclear receptor coactivator 2) translocation (<a href="https://www.empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/hd-probes/NCOA2+Break+Apart+FISH+Probe" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, NCOA2 3' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, NCOA2 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (HEY1-NCOA2), soft tissue angiofibroma (AHRR-NCOA2), congenital/infantile spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (VGLL2-NCOA2, SRF-NCOA2, TEAD1-NCOA2), biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (PAX3-NCOA1/2), PRRXNCOA1/2 rearranged fibroblastic neoplasm, uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (ESR1-NCOA2/3, GREB1-NCOA1/2), MEIS1-NCOA2 sarcoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NCOA2partners.jpg" alt="NCOA2 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NCOA2-BA.png" alt="NCOA2 break apart FISH probe" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">NFIB (Nuclear Factor I B) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/fish-probes/gene/NFIB/break-apart" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for adenoid cystic carcinoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, NFIB 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, NFIB 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) translocation in adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) of the breast and H&N consistently results in fusions encoding chimeric transcripts predominantly consisting of MYB exon 14 linked to the last coding exon(s) of NFIB. The minimal common part of MYB deleted as the result of fusion was exon 15 including the 3'-UTR, which contains several highly conserved target sites for miR-15a/16 and miR-150 microRNAs. PNAS 2009 106(44):18740-4.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NFIBpartners.jpg" alt="NFIB partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NFIB-BA_ORGR.png" alt="NFIB break apart FISH probe" width="600">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">NR4A3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3) translocation (<a href=".\cap\NR4A3-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, NR4A3 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, NR4A3 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC NR4A3 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 9q22.33-q31.1. The most frequent reciprocal translocation is t(9;22)(q22.3-q31;q12.2) found in about 70% of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma generating a EWSR1-NR4A3 fusion gene in which the 3’-terminal part of EWSR1 is replaced by the entire NR4A3 gene. Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is histologically characterized by a mixture of cellular and myxoid stromal components, making it difficult to distinguish it from other benign or malignant mesenchymal tumors, especially those with myxoid matrix.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NR4A3partners.jpg" alt="NR4A3 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NR4A3-BA.png" alt="NR4A3 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">NTRK <a href=".\cap\NTRK1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">1</a>, <a href=".\cap\NTRK2-BA.pdf" target="_blank">2</a> & <a href=".\cap\NTRK3-BA.pdf" target="_blank">3</a> (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1, 2 & 3) translocations (Zytovision)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for pan cancer biomarkers.
</p>
<p>
To detect translocations involving the chromosomal regions 1q23.1 harboring the NTRK1 gene, 9q21.33 harboring the NTRK2 gene, and 15q25.3 harboring the NTRK3 gene, respectively. Tumors presenting NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 gene fusions can be sensitive to targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The treatment of patients with NTRK1, 2, or 3 fusion-positive cancers with an NTRK inhibitor, such as the FDA-approved drugs larotrectinib or entrectinib, is associated with high response rates, regardless of NTRK gene, fusion partner, and tumor type.
</p>
<p>
Mixed TRK IHC might be used for preliminary screening.
</p>
<p>
NTRK1 rearrangements were shown to be involved in many different tumor types in which more than 40 different fusion partners have been described, resulting in an activated chimeric NTRK1 gene.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK1partners.jpg" alt="NTRK1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK1-BA.jpg" alt="NTRK1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
<p>
NTRK2 is a tyrosine kinase and plays a key role in central and peripheral nervous system development as well as in cell survival. Translocations affecting the NTRK2 gene have been reported in several cancer types, including glioblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomes, H&N squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK2partners.jpg" alt="NTRK2 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK2-BA.jpg" alt="NTRK2 break apart" width="450">
</p>
<p>
Translocations affecting the NTRK3 gene have been reported in several cancer types, including glioblastomas, Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, congenital fibrosarcomas, cellular mesoblastic nephromas, acute myeloid leukemia, radiation-associated thyroid cancer, secretory breast carcinoma, and mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK3partners.jpg" alt="NTRK3 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NTRK3-BA.jpg" alt="NTRK3 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">NUTM1 (NUT Midline Carcinoma Family Member 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\NUTM1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, NUTM1 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, NUTM1 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC NUTM1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed to detect translocations involving the chromosomal region 15q14 harboring the NUTM1 gene. NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and aggressive form of squamous cell carcinoma that arises mainly in the head, neck, or mediastinum. NMCs may be indistinguishable from more common squamous cell carcinomas and are thus an underdiagnosed entity. Therefore, the diagnosis of NMC depends on the confirmation of NUTM1 rearrangement.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\NUTM1-BA.jpg" alt="NUTM1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">OGA (O-GlcNAcase, MGEA5, Meningioma Expressed Antigen 5) translocation (<a href="http://www.gzlbp.com/index.php/Product/ich_detail/id/272" target="_blank">安必平</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, OGA 3' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, OGA 5' end<br>
</p>
<p>
TGFBR3/MGEA5 t(1;10)(p22;q24) might be present in Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumour (HFLT), Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor (PHAT) and Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma (MIFS), etc.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\MGEA5-BA.png" alt="MGEA5 break apart" width="600"><br>
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">PHF1 (PHD finger protein 1) translocation (<a href=".\cap\PHF1-BA.pdf" target="_blank">Zytovision</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
for low grade endometrial stroma tumor.
</p>
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, PHF1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, PHF1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
The ZytoLight ® SPEC PHF1 Dual Color Break Apart Probe is designed for the detection of translocations involving the chromosomal region 6p21.32 harboring the PHF1 gene. Endometrial stromal tumors are the second most common pure mesenchymal tumors of the uterus.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\PHF1partners.jpg" alt="PHF1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
<p>
Several rearrangements involving the genes BCOR, JAZF1, PHF1, or YWHAE have been identified in endometrial stromal tumors.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\PHF1-BA.png" alt="PHF1 break apart" width="450">
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">PLAG1 (PLAG1 zinc finger) translocation (<a href=".\cap\PLAG_BA_FISH.pdf" target="_blank">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: telomere side, PLAG1 5' end<br>
Green Probe: centromere side, PLAG1 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1. <br>
For pleomorphic adenoma, chondroid syringoma, myoepithelial tumors of skin and soft tissue, lipoblastoma, pediatric fibromyxoid soft tissue tumor, PLAG mesenchymal tumours or “plagomas”, certain uterine leiomyosarcoma, etc.
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\PLAG-BA_GROR.png" alt="PLAG1 break apart probe" width="600">
</p>
<p>
<img src=".\cap\PLAG1_partners.jpg" alt="PLAG1 partners" width="600">
adapted from "Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology"
</p>
</div>
<button class="collapsible">PRKCA (protein kinase C alpha) translocation (<a href="https://empiregenomics.com/product/20910">Empire Genomics</a>)</button>
<div class="content">
<p>
Orange Probe: centromere side, PRKCA 5' end<br>
Green Probe: telomere side, PRKCA 3' end<br>
</p>
<p>
Mixed neuronal-glial tumors are rare and challenging to subclassify. One recognized variant, papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT), is characterized by prominent pseudopapillary structures and glioneuronal elements. The t(9;17)(q31;q24) with the resultant novel fusion oncogene SLC44A1-PRKCA is the defining molecular feature of PGNT that may be responsible for its pathogenesis. Bridge et al Brain Pathol 2013 PMID: 22725730.