Lab02-distribute_ExecutionLab.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.display import HTML"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q1. \n",
    "\n",
    "What is happening here? Hazard a guess as to why these id's are the same."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(4297514912, 4297514912)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "e=[1,2,3,4]\n",
    "d=1\n",
    "id(e[0]), id(d)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "e(0) and d have the same type and the same value, and these two objects therefore have the same \"address in the memory of python\" as they both represent the number 1, and hence its idendity never changes once it was created by Python.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<iframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=e%3D%5B1,2,3,4%5D%0Aprint(%22e%22,e%29&origin=opt-frontend.js&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=true&textReferences=false&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&curInstr=0&codeDivWidth=350&codeDivHeight=400\"> </iframe>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "HTML('<iframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=e%3D%5B1,2,3,4%5D%0Aprint(%22e%22,e%29&origin=opt-frontend.js&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=true&textReferences=false&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&curInstr=0&codeDivWidth=350&codeDivHeight=400\"> </iframe>')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q2.\n",
    "\n",
    "Here we work through an example taken from SICP, in which we try and write a bank account withdrawal system"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def make_withdraw1(balance):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return a withdraw function that draws down balance with each call.\"\"\"\n",
    "    def withdraw(amount):#you are ok if you use balance as a read-only property\n",
    "        if amount > balance:\n",
    "            return 'Insufficient funds'\n",
    "        return balance - amount\n",
    "    return withdraw"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lets make a 5 buck withdrawal"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wdfrom20=make_withdraw1(20)\n",
    "wdfrom20(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lets do it again"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wdfrom20(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This is not quite what we want. We'd want it to go down to 10 on a repeated withdrawal. Remember, writing it like this, we have no access to `balance` directly. In other words, we want `balance` that was captured from the enclosing frame to be *changeable*, not unchangeable. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lets try something simple. Even though `balance` was captured from the enclosing frame, lets try reassigning it in `withdraw`. So, write a new `make_withdraw2` in which `withdraw` has this re-assignment. What happens when you do this?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#your code here\n",
    "def make_withdraw2(balance):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return a withdraw function that draws down balance with each call.\"\"\"\n",
    "    def withdraw(amount):\n",
    "        balance= balance-amount\n",
    "        if amount > balance:\n",
    "            return 'Insufficient funds'\n",
    "        return balance - amount\n",
    "    return withdraw\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "UnboundLocalError",
     "evalue": "local variable 'balance' referenced before assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mUnboundLocalError\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-8-46f4fc61007a>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwdfrom20_2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmake_withdraw2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m20\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mwdfrom20_2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m5\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-7-9cf9f1287b70>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mwithdraw\u001b[0;34m(amount)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;34m\"\"\"Return a withdraw function that draws down balance with each call.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwithdraw\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mamount\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mbalance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbalance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m\u001b[0mamount\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mamount\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m>\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbalance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'Insufficient funds'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mUnboundLocalError\u001b[0m: local variable 'balance' referenced before assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wdfrom20_2=make_withdraw2(20)\n",
    "wdfrom20_2(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If you did it right, you should have got an error. As the Python Execution Model says:\n",
    "\n",
    "> If a name binding operation occurs anywhere within a code block, all uses of the name within the block are treated as references to the current block. This can lead to errors when a name is used within a block before it is bound. This rule is subtle. Python lacks declarations and allows name binding operations to occur anywhere within a code block. The local variables of a code block can be determined by scanning the entire text of the block for name binding operations.\n",
    "\n",
    "What has happened is that `balance` is now being treated as a local variable in `withdraw`, since the assignment has created a \"name\" for it. And then it does not have a value."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q3.\n",
    "\n",
    "We need to somehow tell Python that `balance` is NOT a local variable. The way to do this is the `nonlocal` keyword. Write a function `make_withdraw` using  \n",
    "\n",
    "`nonlocal balance` \n",
    "\n",
    "as the first line of the inner `withdraw` function. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#your code here\n",
    "def make_withdraw(balance):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Return a withdraw function that draws down balance with each call.\"\"\"\n",
    "    def withdraw(amount):#you are ok if you use balance as a read-only property\n",
    "        nonlocal balance\n",
    "        balance= balance-amount\n",
    "        if amount > balance:\n",
    "            return \"Insufficient funds\"\n",
    "        return balance - amount\n",
    "    return withdraw\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from20_correct = make_withdraw(20)\n",
    "from20_correct(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from20_correct(5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q4.\n",
    "\n",
    "Go to http://pythontutor.com/index.html, choose Python 3.3 as the language, and visualize your code. Embed the code from above in there. Pay attention to the variable `balance` in `f1: make_withdraw`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<iframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23your+code+here%0Adef+make_withdraw(balance%29%3A%0A++++%22%22%22Return+a+withdraw+function+that+draws+down+balance+with+each+call.%22%22%22%0A++++def+withdraw(amount%29%3A%23you+are+ok+if+you+use+balance+as+a+read-only+property%0A++++++++nonlocal+balance%0A++++++++balance%3D+balance-amount%0A++++++++if+amount+%3E+balance%3A%0A++++++++++++return+%22Insufficient+funds%22%0A++++++++return+balance+-+amount%0A++++return+withdraw%0A++++%0Afrom20_correct+%3D+make_withdraw(20%29%0Afrom20_correct(5%29%0Afrom20_correct(5%29%0A&origin=opt-frontend.js&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=false&textReferences=false&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&curInstr=0&codeDivWidth=350&codeDivHeight=400\"> </iframe>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "HTML('<iframe width=\"800\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=%23your+code+here%0Adef+make_withdraw(balance%29%3A%0A++++%22%22%22Return+a+withdraw+function+that+draws+down+balance+with+each+call.%22%22%22%0A++++def+withdraw(amount%29%3A%23you+are+ok+if+you+use+balance+as+a+read-only+property%0A++++++++nonlocal+balance%0A++++++++balance%3D+balance-amount%0A++++++++if+amount+%3E+balance%3A%0A++++++++++++return+%22Insufficient+funds%22%0A++++++++return+balance+-+amount%0A++++return+withdraw%0A++++%0Afrom20_correct+%3D+make_withdraw(20%29%0Afrom20_correct(5%29%0Afrom20_correct(5%29%0A&origin=opt-frontend.js&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=false&textReferences=false&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&curInstr=0&codeDivWidth=350&codeDivHeight=400\"> </iframe>')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Notice that using the \"constructor\" `make_withdraw` twice creates two different \"objects\"."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "90\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "wd=make_withdraw(20)\n",
    "print(wd(5))\n",
    "wd2=make_withdraw(100)\n",
    "print(wd2(5))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(4373437704, 4373437568)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "id(wd),id(wd2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Futhermore, notice that even though we cant access `balance` directly, we can change its value using the \"created\". So we now have a way to create state, as well as a way to change it. This is a very simple object system."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q5.\n",
    "\n",
    "Use the decorator `timer` which we developed in the lecture to time how long it takes a function to run. Use this timer to plot a graph of the amount of time it takes to fill multiple arrays of size 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000 with integers upto and not including that number."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#the decorator, slightly modified\n",
    "import time\n",
    "def time_returner(f):\n",
    "    def inner(*args):\n",
    "        t0 = time.time()\n",
    "        f(*args)\n",
    "        elapsed = time.time() - t0\n",
    "        return elapsed\n",
    "    return inner"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[0.0001690387725830078, 0.0015070438385009766, 0.019550085067749023, 0.1561589241027832, 1.444890022277832]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#your code here\n",
    "import random\n",
    "\n",
    "results=[]\n",
    "test=[100,1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000]\n",
    "\n",
    "@time_returner\n",
    "def myarray(x):\n",
    "    myarray1=[]\n",
    "    for i in range(x):\n",
    "        myarray1.append(random.randrange(0,x))\n",
    "    return myarray1\n",
    "for i in test:\n",
    "    results.append(myarray(i))\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(results)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#your code here\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x10a5eae48>]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYcAAAEACAYAAABYq7oeAAAABHNCSVQICAgIfAhkiAAAAAlwSFlz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\nrkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x106a0c710>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.plot(test,results)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Q6.\n",
    "\n",
    "A decorator can have arguments.\n",
    "\n",
    "If you want to create a decorator with arguments, such as for example, a state that is global such as a counter, what you need to do is to capture the state variable as a closure inside the decorating function.\n",
    "\n",
    "Here is the skeleton for that:\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "def call_to_create_a_decorator(state_arguments):\n",
    "    def this_is_the_decorator_function(user_function):\n",
    "        def inner_function(*args):\n",
    "            #wrapping stuff here\n",
    "            output = user_function(*args)\n",
    "            #pehaps more wrapping here\n",
    "            return output # or something else\n",
    "        return inner_function\n",
    "    return this_is_the_decorator_function\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def call_counter(count_dictionary):\n",
    "    def call_counter_decorator(func):\n",
    "        def inner(*args, **kwargs):\n",
    "            n = func.__name__\n",
    "            #your code here\n",
    "            if n not in count_dictionary:\n",
    "                count_dictionary[n] = 1\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                count_dictionary[n] += 1 \n",
    "            return func(*args, **kwargs)\n",
    "        return inner\n",
    "    return call_counter_decorator\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "storage={}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@call_counter(storage)\n",
    "def fib_recursive(n):\n",
    "    if n == 1:\n",
    "        return 0\n",
    "    if n == 2:\n",
    "        return 1\n",
    "    return fib_recursive(n-2) + fib_recursive(n-1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@call_counter(storage)\n",
    "def fact(n):\n",
    "    if n<=1:\n",
    "        return 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return n*fact(n-1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Run the following code:\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "for i in [7, 13, 29]:\n",
    "    fib_recursive(i)\n",
    "    fact(i)\n",
    "    print(i, storage['fib_recursive'], storage['fact'])\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "7 25 7\n",
      "13 490 20\n",
      "29 1028947 49\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# your code here\n",
    "for i in [7, 13, 29]:\n",
    "    fib_recursive(i)\n",
    "    fact(i)\n",
    "    print(i, storage['fib_recursive'], storage['fact'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Enter the last two numbers (as below) in the google form http://goo.gl/forms/Fyv2PLiJdw."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1028947 49\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(storage['fib_recursive'], storage['fact'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.5.1"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}