[Core] Validate model before serialization (#26184)

### Details:
 - Added model validate model before serialization.
 - Added test.

### Tickets:
 - CVS-133613

Author: t-jankowski

src/core/src/pass/serialize.cpp

@@ -1236,6 +1236,8 @@ namespace ov {
 bool pass::Serialize::run_on_model(const std::shared_ptr<ov::Model>& model) {
     RUN_ON_FUNCTION_SCOPE(Serialize);
 
+    model->validate_nodes_and_infer_types();
+
     // TODO xxx-105807: if rt_info is set in python api as a string ['precise_0'] = '',
     //  we need to convert value to a class in order to have rt_info in the IR. The code below will convert
     // ['precise_0'] = '' into => rt_info['precise_0'] = DisableFP16Compression{}

src/core/tests/pass/serialization/cleanup.cpp

@@ -56,3 +56,12 @@ TEST_F(SerializationCleanupTest, SerializationShouldWorkWithDynamicFunction) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(std::ifstream(m_out_xml_path, std::ios::in).good());
     ASSERT_TRUE(std::ifstream(m_out_bin_path, std::ios::in).good());
 }
+
+TEST_F(SerializationCleanupTest, SerializationShouldNotWorkWithMissingParameter) {
+    const auto model = create_test_model("RemovedParameter", ov::PartialShape{2});
+    model->remove_parameter(model->get_parameters()[0]);
+
+    ASSERT_ANY_THROW(ov::pass::Serialize(m_out_xml_path, m_out_bin_path).run_on_model(model));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(std::ifstream(m_out_xml_path, std::ios::in).good());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(std::ifstream(m_out_bin_path, std::ios::in).good());
+}