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         struct dnnl::vanilla_rnn_forward
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           struct dnnl::vanilla_rnn_forward::primitive_desc
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_matmul.html">
       Matrix Multiplication
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         struct dnnl::matmul
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           struct dnnl::matmul::primitive_desc
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       Resampling
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         struct dnnl::resampling_backward
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           struct dnnl::resampling_backward::primitive_desc
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         struct dnnl::resampling_forward
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           struct dnnl::resampling_forward::primitive_desc
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       Reduction
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         struct dnnl::reduction
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           struct dnnl::reduction::primitive_desc
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    <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_primitive_cache.html">
     Primitive Cache
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     Profiling
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      <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_profiling_data_kind.html">
       enum dnnl::profiling_data_kind
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     BLAS functions
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     Common API
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_engine.html">
       Engine
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_engine_kind_t.html">
         enum dnnl_engine_kind_t
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         struct dnnl_engine
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         struct dnnl::engine
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           enum dnnl::engine::kind
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       Stream
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_stream_flags_t.html">
         enum dnnl_stream_flags_t
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         struct dnnl_stream
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         struct dnnl::stream
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           enum dnnl::stream::flags
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_fpmath_mode.html">
       Floating-point Math Mode
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         enum dnnl_fpmath_mode_t
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         enum dnnl::fpmath_mode
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_service.html">
       Service
      </a>
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_cpu_isa.html">
         enum dnnl::cpu_isa
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         enum dnnl::cpu_isa_hints
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         enum dnnl_cpu_isa_hints_t
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         enum dnnl_cpu_isa_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_status.html">
         enum dnnl::status
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        <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_version_t.html">
         struct dnnl_version_t
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_utils.html">
       Utilities
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_status_t.html">
         enum dnnl_status_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_error.html">
         struct dnnl::error
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        <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_handle.html">
         template struct dnnl::handle
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         template struct dnnl::handle_traits
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_accumulation_mode.html">
       Accumulation Mode
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_accumulation_mode.html">
         enum dnnl::accumulation_mode
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         enum dnnl_accumulation_mode_t
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       Data types
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_data_type_t.html">
         enum dnnl_data_type_t
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_memory.html">
       Memory
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_format_kind_t.html">
         enum dnnl_format_kind_t
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         enum dnnl_format_tag_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_profiling_data_kind_t.html">
         enum dnnl_profiling_data_kind_t
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         enum dnnl_sparse_encoding_t
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         struct dnnl_memory
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         struct dnnl_memory_desc
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         struct dnnl::memory
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_data_type.html">
           enum dnnl::memory::data_type
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_format_kind.html">
           enum dnnl::memory::format_kind
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_format_tag.html">
           enum dnnl::memory::format_tag
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_sparse_encoding.html">
           enum dnnl::memory::sparse_encoding
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           struct dnnl::memory::desc
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    <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api.html">
     Graph API
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_allocator.html">
       Allocator
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_allocator.html">
         class dnnl::graph::allocator
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       Engine
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_logical_tensor.html">
       Logical Tensor
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_layout_type_t.html">
         enum dnnl_graph_layout_type_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_tensor_property_t.html">
         enum dnnl_graph_tensor_property_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_graph_logical_tensor_t.html">
         struct dnnl_graph_logical_tensor_t
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         class dnnl::graph::logical_tensor
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_logical_tensor_data_type.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::logical_tensor::data_type
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_logical_tensor_layout_type.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::logical_tensor::layout_type
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_logical_tensor_property_type.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::logical_tensor::property_type
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_tensor.html">
       Tensor
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_tensor.html">
         class dnnl::graph::tensor
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_op.html">
       Op
      </a>
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_op_attr_t.html">
         enum dnnl_graph_op_attr_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_op_kind_t.html">
         enum dnnl_graph_op_kind_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_op.html">
         class dnnl::graph::op
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_op_attr.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::op::attr
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_op_kind.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::op::kind
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_partition.html">
       Partition
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        <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_partition_policy_t.html">
         enum dnnl_graph_partition_policy_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_partition.html">
         class dnnl::graph::partition
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          <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_graph_partition_policy.html">
           enum dnnl::graph::partition::policy
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_compiled_partition.html">
       Compiled Partition
      </a>
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        <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_graph_inplace_pair_t.html">
         struct dnnl_graph_inplace_pair_t
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_compiled_partition.html">
         class dnnl::graph::compiled_partition
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        <ul class="simple collapse-ul">
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      <a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_graph_api_graph.html">
       Graph
      </a>
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        <a class="reference internal" href="class_dnnl_graph_graph.html">
         class dnnl::graph::graph
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   sycl_interop_buffer_tutorial() function
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    <a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#engine-and-stream">
     Engine and stream
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     Wrapping data into oneDNN memory object
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     Initialize the data executing a custom SYCL kernel
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  <section id="getting-started-on-both-cpu-and-gpu-with-sycl-extensions-api">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp"></span><span id="index-0"></span><h1>Getting started on both CPU and GPU with SYCL extensions API<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started-on-both-cpu-and-gpu-with-sycl-extensions-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Full example text: <a class="reference internal" href="example_sycl_interop_buffer.cpp.html#doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-8cpp-example"><span class="std std-ref">sycl_interop_buffer.cpp</span></a>.</p>
<p>Full example text: <a class="reference internal" href="example_sycl_interop_buffer.cpp.html#doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-8cpp-example"><span class="std std-ref">sycl_interop_buffer.cpp</span></a></p>
<p>This C++ API example demonstrates programming for Intel(R) Processor Graphics with SYCL extensions API in oneDNN. The workflow includes following steps:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Create a GPU or CPU engine. It uses DPC++ as the runtime in this sample.</p></li>
<li><p>Create a memory descriptor/object.</p></li>
<li><p>Create a SYCL kernel for data initialization.</p></li>
<li><p>Access a SYCL buffer via SYCL interoperability interface.</p></li>
<li><p>Access a SYCL queue via SYCL interoperability interface.</p></li>
<li><p>Execute a SYCL kernel with related SYCL queue and SYCL buffer</p></li>
<li><p>Create operation descriptor/operation primitives descriptor/primitive.</p></li>
<li><p>Execute the primitive with the initialized memory.</p></li>
<li><p>Validate the result through a host accessor.</p></li>
</ul>
<section id="public-headers">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-headers"></span><h2>Public headers<a class="headerlink" href="#public-headers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>To start using oneDNN, we must first include the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dnnl.hpp</span></code> header file in the application. We also include CL/sycl.hpp from DPC++ for using SYCL APIs and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dnnl_debug.h</span></code>, which contains some debugging facilities such as returning a string representation for common oneDNN C types. All C++ API types and functions reside in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dnnl</span></code> namespace, and SYCL API types and functions reside in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cl::sycl</span></code> namespace. For simplicity of the example we import both namespaces.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&quot;example_utils.hpp&quot;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&quot;oneapi/dnnl/dnnl.hpp&quot;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&quot;oneapi/dnnl/dnnl_debug.h&quot;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&quot;oneapi/dnnl/dnnl_sycl.hpp&quot;</span>

<span class="cp">#if __has_include(&lt;sycl/sycl.hpp&gt;)</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;sycl/sycl.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">#elif __has_include(&lt;CL/sycl.hpp&gt;)</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;CL/sycl.hpp&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">#else</span>
<span class="cp">#error &quot;Unsupported compiler&quot;</span>
<span class="cp">#endif</span>

<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;cassert&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;iostream&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;numeric&gt;</span>

<span class="k">using</span> <span class="k">namespace</span> <a class="reference internal" href="namespace_dnnl.html#doxid-namespacednnl"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl</span></a><span></span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">using</span> <span class="k">namespace</span> <a class="reference internal" href="namespace_sycl.html#doxid-namespacesycl"><span class="std std-ref">sycl</span></a><span></span><span class="p">;</span></pre>
</section>
<section id="sycl-interop-buffer-tutorial-function">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-tutorial"></span><h2>sycl_interop_buffer_tutorial() function<a class="headerlink" href="#sycl-interop-buffer-tutorial-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<section id="engine-and-stream">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-sub1"></span><h3>Engine and stream<a class="headerlink" href="#engine-and-stream" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>All oneDNN primitives and memory objects are attached to a particular <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_engine-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1engine"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::engine</span></a>, which is an abstraction of a computational device (see also <a class="reference internal" href="dev_guide_basic_concepts.html#doxid-dev-guide-basic-concepts"><span class="std std-ref">Basic Concepts</span></a>). The primitives are created and optimized for the device to which they are attached, and the memory objects refer to memory residing on the corresponding device. In particular, that means neither memory objects nor primitives that were created for one engine can be used on another.</p>
<p>To create engines, we must specify the <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_engine_kind.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1engine-1a2635da16314dcbdb9bd9ea431316bb1a"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::engine::kind</span></a> and the index of the device of the given kind. In this example we use the first available GPU or CPU engine, so the index for the engine is 0. This example assumes DPC++ being a runtime. In such case, during engine creation, an SYCL context is also created and attaches to the created engine.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_query.html#doxid-group-dnnl-api-primitives-common-1gga94efdd650364f4d9776cfb9b711cbdc1aad1943a9fd6d3d7ee1e6af41a5b0d3e7"><span class="std std-ref">engine</span></a><span></span> <span class="n">eng</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine_kind</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span></pre>
<p>In addition to an engine, all primitives require a <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_stream-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1stream"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::stream</span></a> for the execution. The stream encapsulates an execution context and is tied to a particular engine.</p>
<p>In this example, a stream is created. This example assumes DPC++ being a runtime. During stream creation, a SYCL queue is also created and attaches to this stream.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_stream-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1stream"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::stream</span></a><span></span> <span class="n">strm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eng</span><span class="p">);</span></pre>
</section>
<section id="wrapping-data-into-onednn-memory-object">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-sub2"></span><h3>Wrapping data into oneDNN memory object<a class="headerlink" href="#wrapping-data-into-onednn-memory-object" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Next, we create a memory object. We need to specify dimensions of our memory by passing a memory::dims object. Then we create a memory descriptor with these dimensions, with the <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_data_type.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1memory-1a8e83474ec3a50e08e37af76c8c075dcea512dc597be7ae761876315165dc8bd2e"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::memory::data_type::f32</span></a> data type, and with the <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_memory_format_tag.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1memory-1a8e71077ed6a5f7fb7b3e6e1a5a2ecf3faded7ac40158367123c5467281d44cbeb"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::memory::format_tag::nchw</span></a> memory format. Finally, we construct a memory object and pass the memory descriptor. The library allocates memory internally.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="n">memory</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">dims</span> <span class="n">tz_dims</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="k">const</span> <span class="kt">size_t</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">accumulate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tz_dims</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">begin</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">tz_dims</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">end</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">multiplies</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">());</span>

<span class="n">memory</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">desc</span> <span class="n">mem_d</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="n">tz_dims</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">memory</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">f32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">memory</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format_tag</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">nchw</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="n">memory</span> <span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sycl_interop</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">make_memory</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="n">mem_d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">eng</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sycl_interop</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">memory_kind</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">buffer</span><span class="p">);</span></pre>
</section>
<section id="initialize-the-data-executing-a-custom-sycl-kernel">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-sub3"></span><h3>Initialize the data executing a custom SYCL kernel<a class="headerlink" href="#initialize-the-data-executing-a-custom-sycl-kernel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>The underlying SYCL buffer can be extracted from the memory object using the interoperability interface: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dnnl::sycl_interop_buffer::get_buffer&lt;T&gt;(const</span> <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_memory-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1memory"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">dnnl::memory</span></span></a><span class="pre">)</span></code>.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">sycl_buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sycl_interop</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">get_buffer</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">);</span></pre>
<p>We are going to create an SYCL kernel that should initialize our data. To execute SYCL kernel we need a SYCL queue. For simplicity we can construct a stream and extract the SYCL queue from it. The kernel initializes the data by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0,</span> <span class="pre">-1,</span> <span class="pre">2,</span> <span class="pre">-3,</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> sequence: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data[i]</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">(-1)^i</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">i</span></code>.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="n">queue</span> <span class="n">q</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sycl_interop</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">get_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">strm</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">q</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">submit</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="n">handler</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">cgh</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sycl_buf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_access</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">access</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cgh</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="n">cgh</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">parallel_for</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">kernel_tag</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">range</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">idx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
        <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">idx</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="nl">idx</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">});</span>
<span class="p">});</span></pre>
</section>
<section id="create-and-execute-a-primitive">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-sub4"></span><h3>Create and execute a primitive<a class="headerlink" href="#create-and-execute-a-primitive" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are three steps to create an operation primitive in oneDNN:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Create an operation descriptor.</p></li>
<li><p>Create a primitive descriptor.</p></li>
<li><p>Create a primitive.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Let’s create the primitive to perform the ReLU (rectified linear unit) operation: x = max(0, x). An operation descriptor has no dependency on a specific engine - it just describes some operation. On the contrary, primitive descriptors are attached to a specific engine and represent some implementation for this engine. A primitive object is a realization of a primitive descriptor, and its construction is usually much “heavier”.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">relu_pd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eltwise_forward</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">primitive_desc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">eng</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">prop_kind</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="n">algorithm</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">eltwise_relu</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem_d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem_d</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.0f</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">relu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eltwise_forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">relu_pd</span><span class="p">);</span></pre>
<p>Next, execute the primitive.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="n">relu</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">strm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{{</span><a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_primitives_common.html#doxid-group-dnnl-api-primitives-common-1gac37ad67b48edeb9e742af0e50b70fe09"><span class="std std-ref">DNNL_ARG_SRC</span></a><span></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span><a class="reference internal" href="group_dnnl_api_primitives_common.html#doxid-group-dnnl-api-primitives-common-1ga3ca217e4a06d42a0ede3c018383c388f"><span class="std std-ref">DNNL_ARG_DST</span></a><span></span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">}});</span>
<span class="n">strm</span><span class="p">.</span><a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_stream-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1stream-1a59985fa8746436057cf51a820ef8929c"><span class="std std-ref">wait</span></a><span></span><span class="p">();</span></pre>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>With DPC++ runtime, both CPU and GPU have asynchronous execution; However, the user can call <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_stream-2.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1stream-1a59985fa8746436057cf51a820ef8929c"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::stream::wait()</span></a> to synchronize the stream and ensure that all previously submitted primitives are completed.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="validate-the-results">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-sub5"></span><h3>Validate the results<a class="headerlink" href="#validate-the-results" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Before running validation codes, we need to access the SYCL memory on the host. The simplest way to access the SYCL-backed memory on the host is to construct a host accessor. Then we can directly read and write this data on the host. However no any conflicting operations are allowed until the host accessor is destroyed. We can run validation codes on the host accordingly.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="k">auto</span> <span class="n">host_acc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sycl_buf</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">get_host_access</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="kt">float</span> <span class="n">exp_value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="mf">0.0f</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host_acc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">exp_value</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">(</span>
                <span class="s">&quot;Unexpected output, find a negative value after the ReLU &quot;</span>
                <span class="s">&quot;execution.&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section id="main-function">
<span id="doxid-sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-1sycl-interop-buffer-cpp-main"></span><h2>main() function<a class="headerlink" href="#main-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>We now just call everything we prepared earlier.</p>
<p>Because we are using the oneDNN C++ API, we use exceptions to handle errors (see <a class="reference internal" href="dev_guide_c_and_cpp_apis.html#doxid-dev-guide-c-and-cpp-apis"><span class="std std-ref">API</span></a>). The oneDNN C++ API throws exceptions of type <a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_error.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1error"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::error</span></a>, which contains the error status (of type <a class="reference internal" href="enum_dnnl_status_t.html#doxid-group-dnnl-api-utils-1gad24f9ded06e34d3ee71e7fc4b408d57a"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl_status_t</span></a>) and a human-readable error message accessible through the regular <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">what()</span></code> method.</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">exit_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>

    <span class="n">engine</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">kind</span> <span class="n">engine_kind</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse_engine_kind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="k">try</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">sycl_interop_buffer_tutorial</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine_kind</span><span class="p">);</span>
    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_error.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1error"><span class="std std-ref">dnnl::error</span></a><span></span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;oneDNN error caught: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span>
                  <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">Status: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">dnnl_status2str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">status</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span>
                  <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="se">\t</span><span class="s">Message: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><a class="reference internal" href="struct_dnnl_error.html#doxid-structdnnl-1-1error-1afcf188632b6264fba24f3300dabd9b65"><span class="std std-ref">what</span></a><span></span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
        <span class="n">exit_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Error in the example: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
        <span class="n">exit_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exception</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Error in the example: &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">what</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
        <span class="n">exit_code</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>

    <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;Example &quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">exit_code</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s">&quot;failed&quot;</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;passed&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot; on &quot;</span>
              <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">engine_kind2str_upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">engine_kind</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="s">&quot;.&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">endl</span><span class="p">;</span>
    <span class="n">finalize</span><span class="p">();</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">exit_code</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span></pre>
<p>Upon compiling and running the example, the output should be just:</p>
<pre class="highlight literal-block"><span></span><span class="n">Example</span> <span class="n">passed</span><span class="p">.</span></pre>
</section>
</section>


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