Introduction

Number Theory is important for competitive programming because it provides essential mathematical tools to efficiently solve problems related to integers, primes, divisibility, and modular arithmetic. It enables programmers to optimize algorithms, handle mathematical operations with integers, and design efficient solutions for a wide range of computational problems.

Table Of Contents

Following is a list of important topics relevant to Number Theory:

1. Binary Exponentiation
2. Modular Arithmetic
3. Modular Inverse
4. Euclidean: GCD
5. Euclidean: LCM
6. Sieve of Eratosthenes
7. Prime Factorization
8. Linear Diophantine Equation with Two Variables
9. Chinese Remainder Theorem
10. Fermat Theorem