This project demonstrates a multi-region Content Delivery Network (CDN) architecture using AWS CloudFormation. It showcases how to reduce latency and improve global content delivery with S3 buckets as origins across multiple regions and a CloudFront Function for dynamic routing based on the user's geographic location.
- 🌍 Global Content Distribution: Deploy S3 buckets in multiple AWS regions for better regional performance.
- 🚀 Dynamic Origin Routing: Use CloudFront Functions to intelligently route requests to the nearest S3 bucket based on the viewer's geographic location.
- 🔒 Secure Infrastructure: Implement robust S3 bucket policies and CloudFront configurations for enhanced security.
- Features
- Architecture
- Key Concepts
- Demo
- Limitations
- Usage
- Cleanup
- Geodata
- Extended Version
- License
- Disclaimer
- Multi-region S3 bucket deployment
- CloudFront distribution with dynamic origin selection
- Geographic-based request routing
- Scalable and repeatable IaC-based infrastructure
- Reduced latency through geoproximity-based routing
- Enhanced global user experience
- Increased content availability via multi-region redundancy
- S3 Buckets: Distributed across multiple AWS regions to serve as content origins.
- CloudFront Distribution: A global CDN to cache and deliver content efficiently.
- CloudFront Function: Custom JavaScript for intelligent origin selection.
- Bucket Policies: Secure and control access to content stored in S3.
- A user request is received by CloudFront.
- The CloudFront Function evaluates the user's geographic location.
- The function determines the nearest S3 origin.
- Content is served from the closest region, leveraging caching to improve subsequent request performance.
The CloudFront Function determines:
- The viewer's location at the country level.
- The closest AWS region with an S3 origin.
- Routes requests dynamically to minimize latency.
- Fully reproducible using AWS CloudFormation templates.
- Version-controlled for consistency and scalability.
- Ensures environments are predictable across deployments.
To showcase the functionality of dynamic routing, we have deployed the stack in the following AWS regions: us-east-1, eu-central-1, ap-southeast-2, and sa-east-1.
Each region hosts a unique image file labeled with the region's name. When you access the CloudFront distribution URL in your browser, the system dynamically routes your request to the nearest region based on your geographic location. The image displayed will confirm the region that served your request.
- A user in North America will see an image labeled us-east-1.
- A user in Europe will see an image labeled eu-central-1.
This demo highlights the system's ability to optimize content delivery by minimizing latency through geoproximity-based routing.
To test further, consider using VPN services to simulate requests from different locations around the globe.
- Country-Based Routing: The geographic routing operates at a country level, which might not always be precise for regions near borders.
- Static Content Replication: Content must be manually replicated or synchronized across S3 buckets.
- AWS Region Compatibility: Ensure all AWS regions in the deployment support the required services.
Note: This is a Proof of Concept (PoC). It is recommended to test and adapt the solution thoroughly for production use.
- An AWS account with CLI configured and appropriate credentials.
- Basic knowledge of AWS services such as CloudFormation, S3, and CloudFront.
-
Clone the Repository
git clone https://github.com/efficient-solutions/aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc.git cd aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc -
Set Up CloudFormation Roles (skip if roles
AWSCloudFormationStackSetAdministrationRoleandAWSCloudFormationStackSetExecutionRolealready exist)aws cloudformation deploy --template-file roles.yml \ --stack-name cloudformation-stack-sets-permissions \ --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAMSee Region and permission requirements for stack set operations for more details.
-
Create the Stack Set
aws cloudformation create-stack-set \ --stack-set-name aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc \ --template-body file://template.yml \ --capabilities CAPABILITY_AUTO_EXPAND \ --parameters \ ParameterKey=ProjectId,ParameterValue=aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc \ ParameterKey=Regions,ParameterValue='us-east-1 eu-central-1 ap-southeast-2 sa-east-1'ProjectId: A unique identifier used in bucket names.
Regions: Space-separated list of AWS regions for deployment (e.g., 'us-east-1 eu-central-1 ap-southeast-2 sa-east-1'). This list must always include
us-east-1.Note: Replace
create-stack-setwithupdate-stack-setif you later need make any changes. -
Deploy Stack Instances
aws cloudformation create-stack-instances \ --stack-set-name aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc \ --regions us-east-1 eu-central-1 ap-southeast-2 sa-east-1 \ --accounts 000000000000 \ --operation-preferences RegionConcurrencyType=PARALLEL
stack-set-name: Same as in previous step.
accounts: Set the ID of your AWS account.
-
Upload Static Files
Once the StackSet is deployed (the status can be found in the Console: CloudFormation / StackSets / YOU_STACKSET_NAME):
- Upload static content to the S3 buckets in each region.
- Maintain consistent filenames and folder structures across regions.
- Retrieve CloudFront Distribution URL
- Check the CloudFormation stack's Outputs section in the primary region for the CloudFrontDefaultDomainUrl.
To delete the resources created by this template, first empty all S3 buckets and then run the following commands:
aws cloudformation delete-stack-instances \
--stack-set-name aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-poc \
--regions us-east-1 eu-central-1 ap-southeast-2 sa-east-1 \
--accounts 000000000000 \
--operation-preferences RegionConcurrencyType=PARALLEL \
--no-retain-stacksaws cloudformation delete-stack-set \
--stack-set-name aws-iac-cdn-multi-region-pocThis project uses the following geographic coordinates to determine the closest origin.
{
AF: { lat: 33.9391, lon: 67.7100 }, // Afghanistan
AL: { lat: 41.1533, lon: 20.1683 }, // Albania
DZ: { lat: 28.0339, lon: 1.6596 }, // Algeria
AD: { lat: 42.5462, lon: 1.6016 }, // Andorra
AO: { lat: -11.2027, lon: 17.8739 }, // Angola
AG: { lat: 17.0608, lon: -61.7964 }, // Antigua and Barbuda
AR: { lat: -38.4161, lon: -63.6167 }, // Argentina
AM: { lat: 40.0691, lon: 45.0382 }, // Armenia
AU: { lat: -25.2744, lon: 133.7751 }, // Australia
AT: { lat: 47.5162, lon: 14.5501 }, // Austria
AZ: { lat: 40.1431, lon: 47.5769 }, // Azerbaijan
BS: { lat: 25.0343, lon: -77.3963 }, // Bahamas
BH: { lat: 26.0667, lon: 50.5577 }, // Bahrain
BD: { lat: 23.6850, lon: 90.3563 }, // Bangladesh
BB: { lat: 13.1939, lon: -59.5432 }, // Barbados
BY: { lat: 53.7098, lon: 27.9534 }, // Belarus
BE: { lat: 50.8503, lon: 4.3517 }, // Belgium
BZ: { lat: 17.1899, lon: -88.4976 }, // Belize
BJ: { lat: 9.3077, lon: 2.3158 }, // Benin
BT: { lat: 27.5142, lon: 90.4336 }, // Bhutan
BO: { lat: -16.2902, lon: -63.5887 }, // Bolivia
BA: { lat: 43.9159, lon: 17.6791 }, // Bosnia and Herzegovina
BW: { lat: -22.3285, lon: 24.6849 }, // Botswana
BR: { lat: -14.2350, lon: -51.9253 }, // Brazil
BN: { lat: 4.5353, lon: 114.7277 }, // Brunei
BG: { lat: 42.7339, lon: 25.4858 }, // Bulgaria
BF: { lat: 12.2383, lon: -1.5616 }, // Burkina Faso
BI: { lat: -3.3731, lon: 29.9189 }, // Burundi
KH: { lat: 12.5657, lon: 104.9910 }, // Cambodia
CM: { lat: 3.8480, lon: 11.5021 }, // Cameroon
CA: { lat: 56.1304, lon: -106.3468 }, // Canada
CV: { lat: 16.5388, lon: -23.0418 }, // Cape Verde
CF: { lat: 6.6111, lon: 20.9394 }, // Central African Republic
TD: { lat: 15.4542, lon: 18.7322 }, // Chad
CL: { lat: -35.6751, lon: -71.5430 }, // Chile
CN: { lat: 35.8617, lon: 104.1954 }, // China
CO: { lat: 4.5709, lon: -74.2973 }, // Colombia
KM: { lat: -11.8750, lon: 43.8722 }, // Comoros
CG: { lat: -0.2280, lon: 15.8277 }, // Congo
CD: { lat: -4.0383, lon: 21.7587 }, // DR Congo
CR: { lat: 9.7489, lon: -83.7534 }, // Costa Rica
HR: { lat: 45.1000, lon: 15.2000 }, // Croatia
CU: { lat: 21.5218, lon: -77.7812 }, // Cuba
CY: { lat: 35.1264, lon: 33.4299 }, // Cyprus
CZ: { lat: 49.8175, lon: 15.4730 }, // Czech Republic
DK: { lat: 56.2639, lon: 9.5018 }, // Denmark
DJ: { lat: 11.8251, lon: 42.5903 }, // Djibouti
DM: { lat: 15.4150, lon: -61.3710 }, // Dominica
DO: { lat: 18.7357, lon: -70.1627 }, // Dominican Republic
EC: { lat: -1.8312, lon: -78.1834 }, // Ecuador
EG: { lat: 26.8206, lon: 30.8025 }, // Egypt
SV: { lat: 13.7942, lon: -88.8965 }, // El Salvador
GQ: { lat: 1.6508, lon: 10.2679 }, // Equatorial Guinea
ER: { lat: 15.1794, lon: 39.7823 }, // Eritrea
EE: { lat: 58.5953, lon: 25.0136 }, // Estonia
SZ: { lat: -26.5225, lon: 31.4659 }, // Eswatini
ET: { lat: 9.1450, lon: 40.4897 }, // Ethiopia
FJ: { lat: -17.7134, lon: 178.0650 }, // Fiji
FI: { lat: 61.9241, lon: 25.7482 }, // Finland
FR: { lat: 46.6034, lon: 1.8883 }, // France
GA: { lat: -0.8037, lon: 11.6094 }, // Gabon
GM: { lat: 13.4432, lon: -15.3101 }, // Gambia
GE: { lat: 42.3154, lon: 43.3569 }, // Georgia
DE: { lat: 51.1657, lon: 10.4515 }, // Germany
GH: { lat: 7.9465, lon: -1.0232 }, // Ghana
GR: { lat: 39.0742, lon: 21.8243 }, // Greece
GD: { lat: 12.1165, lon: -61.6790 }, // Grenada
GT: { lat: 15.7835, lon: -90.2308 }, // Guatemala
GN: { lat: 9.9456, lon: -9.6966 }, // Guinea
GW: { lat: 11.8037, lon: -15.1804 }, // Guinea-Bissau
GY: { lat: 4.8604, lon: -58.9302 }, // Guyana
HT: { lat: 18.9712, lon: -72.2852 }, // Haiti
HN: { lat: 15.1999, lon: -86.2419 }, // Honduras
HU: { lat: 47.1625, lon: 19.5033 }, // Hungary
IS: { lat: 64.9631, lon: -19.0208 }, // Iceland
IN: { lat: 20.5937, lon: 78.9629 }, // India
ID: { lat: -0.7893, lon: 113.9213 }, // Indonesia
IR: { lat: 32.4279, lon: 53.6880 }, // Iran
IQ: { lat: 33.2232, lon: 43.6793 }, // Iraq
IE: { lat: 53.1424, lon: -7.6921 }, // Ireland
IL: { lat: 31.0461, lon: 34.8516 }, // Israel
IT: { lat: 41.8719, lon: 12.5674 }, // Italy
JM: { lat: 18.1096, lon: -77.2975 }, // Jamaica
JP: { lat: 36.2048, lon: 138.2529 }, // Japan
JO: { lat: 30.5852, lon: 36.2384 }, // Jordan
KZ: { lat: 48.0196, lon: 66.9237 }, // Kazakhstan
KE: { lat: -1.2864, lon: 36.8172 }, // Kenya
KI: { lat: -3.3704, lon: -168.7340 }, // Kiribati
KP: { lat: 40.3399, lon: 127.5101 }, // North Korea
KR: { lat: 35.9078, lon: 127.7669 }, // South Korea
KW: { lat: 29.3117, lon: 47.4818 }, // Kuwait
KG: { lat: 41.2044, lon: 74.7661 }, // Kyrgyzstan
LA: { lat: 19.8563, lon: 102.4955 }, // Laos
LV: { lat: 56.8796, lon: 24.6032 }, // Latvia
LB: { lat: 33.8547, lon: 35.8623 }, // Lebanon
LS: { lat: -29.6099, lon: 28.2336 }, // Lesotho
LR: { lat: 6.4281, lon: -9.4295 }, // Liberia
LY: { lat: 26.3351, lon: 17.2283 }, // Libya
LI: { lat: 47.1660, lon: 9.5554 }, // Liechtenstein
LT: { lat: 55.1694, lon: 23.8813 }, // Lithuania
LU: { lat: 49.8153, lon: 6.1296 }, // Luxembourg
MG: { lat: -18.7669, lon: 46.8691 }, // Madagascar
MW: { lat: -13.2543, lon: 34.3015 }, // Malawi
MY: { lat: 4.2105, lon: 101.9758 }, // Malaysia
MV: { lat: 3.2028, lon: 73.2207 }, // Maldives
ML: { lat: 17.5707, lon: -3.9962 }, // Mali
MT: { lat: 35.8999, lon: 14.5146 }, // Malta
MH: { lat: 7.1315, lon: 171.1845 }, // Marshall Islands
MR: { lat: 21.0079, lon: -10.9408 }, // Mauritania
MU: { lat: -20.3484, lon: 57.5522 }, // Mauritius
MX: { lat: 23.6345, lon: -102.5528 }, // Mexico
FM: { lat: 7.4256, lon: 150.5508 }, // Micronesia
MD: { lat: 47.4116, lon: 28.3699 }, // Moldova
MC: { lat: 43.7333, lon: 7.4167 }, // Monaco
MN: { lat: 46.8625, lon: 103.8467 }, // Mongolia
ME: { lat: 42.7087, lon: 19.3744 }, // Montenegro
MA: { lat: 31.7917, lon: -7.0926 }, // Morocco
MZ: { lat: -18.6657, lon: 35.5296 }, // Mozambique
MM: { lat: 21.9162, lon: 95.9560 }, // Myanmar
NA: { lat: -22.9576, lon: 18.4904 }, // Namibia
NR: { lat: -0.5228, lon: 166.9315 }, // Nauru
NP: { lat: 28.3949, lon: 84.1240 }, // Nepal
NL: { lat: 52.1326, lon: 5.2913 }, // Netherlands
NZ: { lat: -40.9006, lon: 174.8860 }, // New Zealand
NI: { lat: 12.8654, lon: -85.2072 }, // Nicaragua
NE: { lat: 17.6078, lon: 8.0817 }, // Niger
NG: { lat: 9.0817, lon: 8.6753 }, // Nigeria
MK: { lat: 41.6086, lon: 21.7453 }, // North Macedonia
NO: { lat: 60.4720, lon: 8.4689 }, // Norway
OM: { lat: 21.4735, lon: 55.9754 }, // Oman
PK: { lat: 30.3753, lon: 69.3451 }, // Pakistan
PW: { lat: 7.5150, lon: 134.5825 }, // Palau
PA: { lat: 8.5379, lon: -80.7821 }, // Panama
PG: { lat: -6.3149, lon: 143.9555 }, // Papua New Guinea
PY: { lat: -23.4425, lon: -58.4438 }, // Paraguay
PE: { lat: -9.1900, lon: -75.0152 }, // Peru
PH: { lat: 12.8797, lon: 121.7740 }, // Philippines
PL: { lat: 51.9194, lon: 19.1451 }, // Poland
PT: { lat: 39.3999, lon: -8.2245 }, // Portugal
QA: { lat: 25.3548, lon: 51.1839 }, // Qatar
RO: { lat: 45.9432, lon: 24.9668 }, // Romania
RU: { lat: 61.5240, lon: 105.3188 }, // Russia
RW: { lat: -1.9403, lon: 29.8739 }, // Rwanda
KN: { lat: 17.3578, lon: -62.7830 }, // Saint Kitts and Nevis
LC: { lat: 13.9094, lon: -60.9789 }, // Saint Lucia
VC: { lat: 13.2528, lon: -61.1971 }, // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
WS: { lat: -13.7590, lon: -172.1046 }, // Samoa
SM: { lat: 43.9336, lon: 12.4509 }, // San Marino
ST: { lat: 0.1864, lon: 6.6131 }, // Sao Tome and Principe
SA: { lat: 23.8859, lon: 45.0792 }, // Saudi Arabia
SN: { lat: 14.4974, lon: -14.4524 }, // Senegal
RS: { lat: 44.0165, lon: 21.0059 }, // Serbia
SC: { lat: -4.6796, lon: 55.4920 }, // Seychelles
SL: { lat: 8.4606, lon: -11.7799 }, // Sierra Leone
SG: { lat: 1.3521, lon: 103.8198 }, // Singapore
SK: { lat: 48.6690, lon: 19.6990 }, // Slovakia
SI: { lat: 46.1512, lon: 14.9955 }, // Slovenia
SB: { lat: -9.6457, lon: 160.1562 }, // Solomon Islands
SO: { lat: 5.1521, lon: 46.1996 }, // Somalia
ZA: { lat: -30.5595, lon: 22.9375 }, // South Africa
SS: { lat: 7.8627, lon: 29.6949 }, // South Sudan
ES: { lat: 40.4637, lon: -3.7492 }, // Spain
LK: { lat: 7.8731, lon: 80.7718 }, // Sri Lanka
SD: { lat: 12.8628, lon: 30.2176 }, // Sudan
SR: { lat: 3.9193, lon: -56.0278 }, // Suriname
SE: { lat: 60.1282, lon: 18.6435 }, // Sweden
CH: { lat: 46.8182, lon: 8.2275 }, // Switzerland
SY: { lat: 34.8021, lon: 38.9968 }, // Syria
TW: { lat: 23.6978, lon: 120.9605 }, // Taiwan
TJ: { lat: 38.8610, lon: 71.2761 }, // Tajikistan
TZ: { lat: -6.3690, lon: 34.8888 }, // Tanzania
TH: { lat: 15.8700, lon: 100.9925 }, // Thailand
TL: { lat: -8.8742, lon: 125.7275 }, // Timor-Leste
TG: { lat: 8.6195, lon: 0.8248 }, // Togo
TO: { lat: -21.1789, lon: -175.1982 }, // Tonga
TT: { lat: 10.6918, lon: -61.2225 }, // Trinidad and Tobago
TN: { lat: 33.8869, lon: 9.5375 }, // Tunisia
TR: { lat: 38.9637, lon: 35.2433 }, // Turkey
TM: { lat: 38.9697, lon: 59.5563 }, // Turkmenistan
TV: { lat: -7.1095, lon: 177.6493 }, // Tuvalu
UG: { lat: 1.3733, lon: 32.2903 }, // Uganda
UA: { lat: 48.3794, lon: 31.1656 }, // Ukraine
AE: { lat: 23.4241, lon: 53.8478 }, // United Arab Emirates
GB: { lat: 55.3781, lon: -3.4360 }, // United Kingdom
US: { lat: 37.0902, lon: -95.7129 }, // United States
UY: { lat: -32.5228, lon: -55.7658 }, // Uruguay
UZ: { lat: 41.3775, lon: 64.5853 }, // Uzbekistan
VU: { lat: -15.3767, lon: 166.9592 }, // Vanuatu
VE: { lat: 6.4238, lon: -66.5897 }, // Venezuela
VN: { lat: 14.0583, lon: 108.2772 }, // Vietnam
YE: { lat: 15.5527, lon: 48.5164 }, // Yemen
ZM: { lat: -13.1339, lon: 27.8493 }, // Zambia
ZW: { lat: -19.0154, lon: 29.1549 } // Zimbabwe
}{
'us-east-1': { lat: 37.7749, lon: -77.0369 }, // Northern Virginia
'us-east-2': { lat: 40.4173, lon: -82.9071 }, // Ohio
'us-west-1': { lat: 37.3382, lon: -121.8863 }, // California
'us-west-2': { lat: 45.5051, lon: -122.6750 }, // Oregon
'af-south-1': { lat: -33.9249, lon: 18.4241 }, // Cape Town, South Africa
'ap-east-1': { lat: 22.3193, lon: 114.1694 }, // Hong Kong
'ap-south-1': { lat: 19.0760, lon: 72.8777 }, // Mumbai, India
'ap-south-2': { lat: 12.9716, lon: 77.5946 }, // Hyderabad, India
'ap-southeast-1': { lat: 1.3521, lon: 103.8198 }, // Singapore
'ap-southeast-2': { lat: -33.8688, lon: 151.2093 }, // Sydney, Australia
'ap-southeast-3': { lat: -6.2088, lon: 106.8456 }, // Jakarta, Indonesia
'ap-southeast-4': { lat: -41.2865, lon: 174.7762 }, // Melbourne, Australia
'ap-northeast-1': { lat: 35.6895, lon: 139.6917 }, // Tokyo, Japan
'ap-northeast-2': { lat: 37.5665, lon: 126.9780 }, // Seoul, South Korea
'ap-northeast-3': { lat: 34.6937, lon: 135.5023 }, // Osaka, Japan
'ca-central-1': { lat: 43.651070, lon: -79.347015 }, // Toronto, Canada
'cn-north-1': { lat: 39.9042, lon: 116.4074 }, // Beijing, China
'cn-northwest-1': { lat: 38.3417, lon: 106.6177 }, // Ningxia, China
'eu-central-1': { lat: 50.1109, lon: 8.6821 }, // Frankfurt, Germany
'eu-central-2': { lat: 46.9481, lon: 7.4474 }, // Zurich, Switzerland
'eu-north-1': { lat: 59.3293, lon: 18.0686 }, // Stockholm, Sweden
'eu-south-1': { lat: 41.9028, lon: 12.4964 }, // Milan, Italy
'eu-south-2': { lat: 38.7169, lon: -9.1399 }, // Lisbon, Portugal
'eu-west-1': { lat: 53.3498, lon: -6.2603 }, // Dublin, Ireland
'eu-west-2': { lat: 51.5074, lon: -0.1278 }, // London, United Kingdom
'eu-west-3': { lat: 48.8566, lon: 2.3522 }, // Paris, France
'il-central-1': { lat: 31.7683, lon: 35.2137 }, // Tel Aviv, Israel
'me-central-1': { lat: 25.2048, lon: 55.2708 }, // Dubai, UAE
'me-south-1': { lat: 26.2332, lon: 50.6071 }, // Bahrain
'sa-east-1': { lat: -23.5505, lon: -46.6333 }, // São Paulo, Brazil
}We also offer a commercial version of this solution with the following enhancements:
- Automatic Content Replication: Automated synchronization of static files between primary and additional S3 buckets, simplifying content management across regions.
- Custom Domain Support: Seamless integration with Route 53 and AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to use custom domains with HTTPS.
- Access Logging: CloudFront access logs enabled for detailed insights into user activity and performance metrics.
This version provides additional flexibility and enhanced management features for more complex use cases.
This project is licensed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.
This software product is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Amazon.com, Inc. The use of the term "AWS" is solely for descriptive purposes to indicate that the software is compatible with AWS services. Amazon Web Services and AWS are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.