Bump third_party/mbedtls/repo from `5bc604f` to `0834c59` #110794

Job	Run time
Unit / Integration Tests (main)	15m 4s
Unit / Integration Tests (clang)	18m 25s
Unit / Integration Tests (mbedtls)	14m 18s
Unit / Integration Tests (rotating_device_id)	13m 59s
Unit / Integration Tests (icd)	44m 6s
	1h 45m 52s

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