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courses-notes/practical-networking/practical-tls/1-tls-ssl/README.md
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# TLS/SSL Overview | ||
# TLS/SSL Overview | ||
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## Introduction | ||
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[**SSL**](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/what-is-ssl/) (**S**ecure **S**ockets **L**ayer) and [**TLS**](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/) (**T**ransport **L**ayer **S**ecurity) are both protocols used to secure internet communication. SSL was the original, but it has largely been replaced by TLS due to security improvements. | ||
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By creating a **secure, protected "tunnel" across the Internet**, they encrypt data to keep it private and secure while it's being transmitted between a client (like a web browser) and a server (like a website). TLS is the newer (SSL renamed by IETF), more secure version that's widely used today. The 2 terms are often used interchangeably. | ||
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- **HTTPS** - HTTP secured by an SSL/TLS | ||
- SSL VPN for private corporate network | ||
- SSL VPN via public VPN provider | ||
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The purpose of SSL/TLS is to protect the data that can be captured. | ||
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- **Confidentiality** - data accessible only by client and server - Encryption | ||
- **Integrity** - data is not modified between client and server - **Hashing** | ||
- **Authentication** - client/server are who they say they are - **PKI** | ||
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The data put on the wire is still passing through someone else's network. | ||
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- **Anti-Replay** - prevents attackers from reusing intercepted data to gain unauthorized access. It provides sequence numbers built in to integrity and authentication mechanism. | ||
- **Non-Repudiation** - ensures parties can't deny their involvement in a transaction or communication. | ||
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The key players of the SSL/TLS ecosystem are: | ||
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- **Client** - entity initiating the TLS handshake, `e.g.` web browser, apps, IoT, etc | ||
- optionally authenticated at the SSL layer (rarely provides a certificate) | ||
- **Server** - entity receiving the TLS handshake, `e.g.` web server, etc | ||
- always authenticated (the user has to know what server he is talking to) | ||
- **Certificate Authority** (CA) - governing entity that issues digital certificates to servers | ||
- trusted by client and server | ||
- provides **Trust Anchor** - if the client trusts the CA, it can trust what the CA trusts | ||
- [CAs organizations](https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/ssl_certificate): [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/), [IdenTrust](https://www.identrust.com/), [GlobalSign](https://www.globalsign.com/en), [Sectigo](https://www.sectigo.com/), [DigiCert](https://www.digicert.com/), [GoDaddy](https://www.godaddy.com/), ... | ||
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## TLS/SSL Versions | ||
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- [SSL Guide – The Complete Guide to SSL/TLS Certificates](https://aboutssl.org/ssl-guide/) | ||
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 | ||
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- [Qualys SSL Labs - SSL Pulse](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssl-pulse/) | ||
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 | ||
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Security must be balanced with Accessibility, based on the usage case. | ||
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- [TLS vs SSL: What's the Difference? Which One Should You Use? - Kinsta.com](https://kinsta.com/knowledgebase/tls-vs-ssl/) | ||
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 | ||
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**SSL v3.0** (declared insecure as of Oct 2014 due to POODLE attack), as a complete redesign of SSL v2.0 is the foundation of the following TLS versions (TLS 1.0, 1.1, 1.2). | ||
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**TLS v1.0** | ||
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- Protocol ownership transferred to [**I.E.T.F.**](https://www.ietf.org/) | ||
- almost identical to SSL v3.0 | ||
- Vulnerability: BEAST attack on CBC ciphers | ||
- **protocol deprecated** on March 2021 | ||
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**TLS v1.1** | ||
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- deprecated EXPORT grade ciphers | ||
- protection against CBC attacks | ||
- **protocol deprecated** on March 2021 | ||
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[**TLS v1.2**](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5246) | ||
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- improved security of key generation | ||
- support for **AEAD** ciphers (**A**uthentication **E**ncryption with **A**ssociated **D**ata) | ||
- secure, recommended | ||
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[**TLS v1.3**](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8446) | ||
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- major changes from prior TLS/SSL versions, favors security and simplicity | ||
- shorted handshake | ||
- **forward secrecy** required | ||
- 0-RTT resumption | ||
- AEAD ciphers required | ||
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--- | ||
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courses-notes/practical-networking/practical-tls/2-cryptography/README.md
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# Cryptography | ||
# Cryptography | ||
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courses-notes/practical-networking/practical-tls/practicaltls-references.md
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# 🌐 Practical TLS References | ||
# 🌐 Practical TLS References | ||
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- [AboutSSL Guide](https://aboutssl.org/ssl-guide/) | ||
- [What is Transport Layer Security (TLS)? - Cloudflare](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/transport-layer-security-tls/) | ||
- [A complete overview of SSL/TLS and its cryptographic system - DEV Community](https://dev.to/techschoolguru/a-complete-overview-of-ssl-tls-and-its-cryptographic-system-36pd) | ||
- [Usage Statistics and Market Share of SSL Certificate Authorities for Websites May 2024](https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/ssl_certificate) | ||
- [Qualys SSL Labs - SSL Pulse](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssl-pulse/) | ||
- [TLS vs SSL: What's the Difference? Which One Should You Use? - Kinsta.com](https://kinsta.com/knowledgebase/tls-vs-ssl/) | ||
- [Why use TLS 1.3? - Cloudflare](https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ssl/why-use-tls-1.3/) | ||
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## Tools | ||
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- [How's My SSL?](https://www.howsmyssl.com/) | ||
- [SSL Server Test (Qualys SSL Labs)](https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/) |
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